DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS

26 SEPTEMBER 2022

1 – About the United Nations: 

GS II 

Topic  International Relations

 ·       About:

·       In 1945, the United Nations (UN), a global organisation, was founded. It now has 193 member countries.

·       In order to fulfil its mission and carry out the objectives and tenets outlined in its founding Charter, it has numerous organs and specialised agencies.

·       Its obligations include defending human rights, upholding international law, maintaining world peace and security, and offering humanitarian aid. It also promotes sustainable development.

 ·       What is the history of the UN?

 ·       The Hague hosted the International Peace Conference in 1899 to create plans for peacefully settling disputes, preventing war, and codifying war rules.

·       It also adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, whose operations began in 1902. This court served as the forerunner to the International Court of Justice of the UN.

·       The organisation that came before the United Nations was the League of Nations, which was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles “to encourage international cooperation and to attain peace and security.” It was created in the setting of World War One.

·       The International Labor Organization (ILO) was founded in 1919 as a League subsidiary organisation according to the Treaty of Versailles.

·       The name “United Nations” was created by American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A declaration known as The Declaration of the United Nations, which banned them from negotiating their own peace terms, was signed by 26 nations in 1942 as an agreement to continue fighting with one another against the Axis Powers (the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis).

 ·       At a convention held in San Francisco, California, in the United States, representatives from 50 different countries signed the United Nations Charter.

·       The UN Charter of 1945 is the foundational text for the United Nations as an international organisation.

·       Source  The Hindu 

2 – Details of the Kaziranga National Park:

GS III

Topic  Environmental Conservation

·       It has a 42,996 Hectare area and is located in the State of Assam (ha). In the floodplain of the Brahmaputra Valley, it is the area that is the most typical and unchanged.

·       In 1974, a national park designation was given to it.

·       It has been designated a tiger reserve as of 2007. The tiger reserve is 1,030 sq. km in size overall, with a core area of 430 sq. km.

·       Rank on the global stage: It was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.

·       It is recognised as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International.

·       Important Species Discovered:

·       There are the majority of one-horned rhinos in the world. When it comes to one-horned rhinos in Assam, Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary has more than Kaziranga National Park combined.

·       The “big four” species—the rhinoceros, elephants, royal Bengal tigers, and Asiatic water buffalo—are the main focus of Kaziranga’s conservation efforts.

·       In the 2018 census, 2,413 rhinos and between 1,100 and 1,100 elephants were counted.

·       In India, Kaziranga National Park has the third-highest tiger population, behind Jim Corbett National Park (215 in Uttarakhand) and Bandipur National Park, with an estimated 103 tigers as of 2014. (120 in Karnataka).

·       Kaziranga is home to nine of the 14 species of primates that can be found on the Indian subcontinent.

·       Highways and Rivers: National Highway 37 runs across the area around the park.

·       There are more than 250 seasonal water bodies in the park in addition to the Diphlu River.

·       Source  The Hindu 

3 – About the NATO:

GS II

Topic  International Relations

·       About:

·       The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1949 as a military alliance to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. It was sometimes referred to as the Washington Treaty and was signed by the United States, Canada, and other Western European nations.

·       There are now 30 member states.

·       The original members of the group were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

·       Greece and Turkey joined the original signatories in 1952, followed by West Germany in 1955 (renamed Germany in 1990), Spain in 1982, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in 1999, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in 2004, Albania and Croatia in 2009, Montenegro in 2017 and North Macedonia in 1999. (2020).

·       France remained a NATO member but vacated its position in the organization’s integrated military command in 1966. 2009 saw its comeback.

·       Recently, interest in joining NATO has been shown by Finland and Sweden.

·       Brussels, Belgium, is the headquarters.

·       The Allied Command Operations headquarters are in Mons, Belgium.

·       What objectives does NATO intend to fulfil?

·       Protecting each member state’s freedom and security through political and military action is NATO’s primary and ongoing objective.

·       Political objectives: NATO promotes democratic principles and offers members the chance to engage and cooperate on defence and security-related issues in order to resolve disagreements, build trust, and, in the long term, prevent conflict.

·       Military Objectives: NATO is committed to finding peaceful solutions to conflicts. If diplomatic attempts fail, it has the military power to carry out crisis-management operations.

·       According to a United Nations mandate or the collective defence clause of the Washington Treaty, Article 5, which served as the foundational agreement for NATO, these are carried out independently or in cooperation with other nations and international organisations.

·       Only once, on September 12, 2001, in reaction to the 9/11 attacks on the US World Trade Center, did NATO ever use Article 5.

·       How is NATO set up?

·       Although NATO has an integrated military command structure, the organisation only fully owns a small portion of its forces and resources.

·       The majority of forces continue to be under total national command and control until member nations choose to carry out NATO-related duties.

·       Its members must preserve the essential values that underpin the Alliance, such as democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law. Decisions made by the Alliance must be unanimous and consensual. In the Alliance, each of the 30 allies has an equal voice.

·       NATO members are not covered by the alliance’s protection during civil conflicts or internal uprisings.

·       NATO is financed by its members. The United States covers three-quarters of NATO’s budget.

·       Source  The Hindu 

4 – Details of the Operation Megha Chakra:

Prelims Specific Topic

·       In response to recommendations given by Interpol’s Singapore special unit based on information provided by the New Zealand police, the “Megh Chakra” operation was carried out.

·       Under the codename “Investigation Carbon,” the CIA had begun a related operation in November of the previous year, searching suspects’ houses in 13 States and one Union Territory.

·       For the last operation, 76 sites were utilised. Having allegedly belonged to the syndicates that uploaded, circulated, sold, and watched such information, the people identified in the FIRs were accused of breaking the pertinent IPC and IT Act laws.

·       Later, the CBI decided to make requests for information exchange and collection from several countries in compliance with the MLATs on those in charge of the scheme.

·       Source  The Hindu