14 Sept 2022-Daily Answer Writing - Guru Deekshaa Academy

14 SEPTEMBER 2022 – MAINS DAILY QUESTIONS & MODEL ANSWERS:

Q1. Write a short note on South West Monsoon Formation. (250 Words)

June to the middle of September is the South West Monsoon Season.
The hot-wet season is another name for the South West Monsoon Season.
The South West Monsoon’s primary characteristic is its abrupt onset.
The temperature swiftly decreases and the humidity rises as soon as monsoon season arrives.

A dramatic drop in temperature [3° to 6°C] is brought on by the South West Monsoons.
The wet season is when the weather varies the most.
September marks the conclusion of the south-west monsoon season, and temperatures climb.
When the monsoons are disturbed, the temperature rises.
Due to clouds and rain, the diurnal temperature range is fairly minimal.
The locations with the highest temperatures (38 to 40 °C) are west of the Aravali. Lack of clouds and warm continental air masses are to blame for this
Northwest India has temperatures that are close to 30 °C in a few places.
The Western Ghats have comparatively low temperatures because they get a lot of rain.
Since they receive little rain at this time of year, the coastal parts of Tamil Nadu and the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh see temperatures above 30°C.

Differential Water and Land Heating and Cooling:
The landmass of India has low pressure, whereas the waterways around it have comparatively high pressure due to the differential heating and cooling of land and water.
This has a big impact on how the South-West Monsoon develops.
As a result, the monsoon winds are moving in the opposite direction.

The ITCZ shifts to the north over the summer, delivering monsoon rains to Kozhikode, India.
The ITCZ swings south during the summer in the Southern Hemisphere, delivering monsoon rains to Darwin, Australia.
Where the monsoon rains occur is affected by the fact that land cannot store heat as effectively as the ocean can.
High-Pressure Areas Existence:

a high-pressure area at or near 20°S over the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar.
The dimensions, location, and strength of this high-pressure area have an impact on the Indian Monsoon.
Strong vertical air currents and the development of low pressure over the Tibetan plateau at a height of roughly 9 km above sea level are caused by the Tibetan plateau’s summertime heat.

The easterly jet stream directs tropical depressions toward India.
These depressions have an impact on how the monsoon rains are distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent.
The paths of these depressions bring the most rain to India.

When the tropical eastern Indian ocean experiences low pressure and the tropical eastern south Pacific ocean experiences high pressure, the Southern Oscillation (SO) takes place.
There are pressure reversals, where the eastern Pacific has lower pressure than the eastern Indian Ocean, every few years.
A recurring change in pressure situations is referred to as the SO.
Despite the variations in those conditions, the Indian Ocean continues to be much colder, and midsummer temperatures in some places of India can reach above 45 degrees Celsius.
In some instances, the aforementioned elements also have a role in reduced monsoons and even droughts.

Our monsoon’s behaviour is impacted by the atmosphere’s increased capacity to hold water vapour as a result of global warming.
A recent study suggests that global warming will likely make India’s monsoon season wetter and riskier.
Scientists claim that the monsoon season has been permanently disrupted by climate change.
Previous studies have shown that there will be more rain during the summer monsoon season as well as unpredictable, high rainfall events as a result of greenhouse gas-induced global warming.

The southwest monsoon irrigates around half of India’s agricultural area.
The monsoon season accounts for over 70% of India’s annual rainfall, which affects the productivity of various important kharif or summer crops like rice, pulses, and oilseeds like soybeans.
A few of the significant crops that are dependent on monsoon rainfall include cotton, maize, paddy, soybean, peanut, bajra, and sesame.
Indian dairy farms depend on the Southwest Monsoon to provide for and care for their cows.
Conclusion:

Beginning in early September, the Southwest Monsoon steadily pushes southward from the far northwest. However, the intense rains brought on by the monsoon winds can result in major floods across India’s northern plains, causing both property damage and fatalities. They are known for being unpredictable. In one region of the country, droughts are likely to occur, whilst catastrophic floods and droughts are brought on by dry and wet spells in another.

Q2. Write a short note on Inter Tropical Convergence Zones. (250 Words)

Near the equator, the southeast trade winds from the southern hemisphere and the northeast trade winds from the northern hemisphere converge.
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is where these winds converge (ITCZ).
Here, there is rising air, the greatest quantity of clouds, and significant rainfall.
With the onset of each new season, the ITCZ’s location moves both north and south of the equator.
The ITCZ moves north during the summer, where it is exposed to vertical sunlight at the Tropic of Cancer.
Coriolis force causes the southeast trade winds of the southern hemisphere to cross the equator and begin to blow in a southwest to northeast direction.
When these displaced trade winds approach the Indian subcontinent, they are known to as south-west monsoons.
The Monsoon Front is the area where the North-East Trade Winds and the South-West Monsoons meet (ITCZ). Along this front, it is raining.
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is where the ITCZ moves to in July, and it receives rainfall from the south-west monsoon, which has its origins in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. When it is in this position, the ITCZ is frequently referred to as the Monsoon Trough (highest rainfall).
The Northern Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (NITCZ) in the summer (July – rainy season) and the Southern Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (SITCZ) in the winter have been named due to the seasonal movement of the ITCZ (Jan – dry season).
India is affected by the NITCZ, an area of clouds and heavy rain.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone, often referred to as the Equatorial Convergence Zone or the Intertropical Front, is a critical component of the global circulation system.
Normally, it creates a low-pressure zone around the equator of the planet.
The trade winds meet in a zone of convergence.
Due to the change in location, the wet and dry seasons of the tropics rather than the cold and warm seasons of higher latitudes affect rainfall in the equatorial region.