DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 28 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        Gilgit Baltistan Region Prelims & Mains 2.        TRAI Prelims & Mains 3.        Indo Greeks Prelims & Mains 4.        IARI Prelims & Mains   1 – Gilgit Baltistan Region: GS II Topic à International Relations:   ·         Context: ·         According to Rajnath Singh, Union Defense Minister, the operation to fully integrate J&K, which began on August 5, 2019, will be completed on October 27, 2022, “when Gilgit-Baltistan and regions of the Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK) will rejoin with India.” Singh also referred to the Indian Army as “the best army in the world.” ·         About: ·         With this development, it will acquire the status of a province and become a separate region. ·         Sindh, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan are the four provinces that make up contemporary Pakistan. ·         India’s perspective: ·         With its fully legal and irrevocable accession, India has made it abundantly plain to Pakistan that the entirety of the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, including the territories of Gilgit and Baltistan, are a part of it ·         Gilgit Baltistan’s exact location is unknown. ·         China to the north, Kashmir to the east, and Afghanistan to the west are its neighbours. ·         Geographically, it is separated from Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. ·         When Kashmir was still a part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, on November 4, 1947, Pakistan’s army and tribal militias entered the area and for the first time took control of it. ·         It is traversed by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. ·         What it looks like right now: ·         Despite the resolution that the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) adopted on April 28, 1949, the region is currently governed by Pakistan. ·         Gilgit-agreement Despite appeals from the UNCIP for Pakistan to withdraw its forces from the contentious territory, Baltistan was illegally occupied and remains so today. ·         Gilgit-Baltistan has been politically independent, without a tenable constitutional position, for more than 60 years. ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – TRAI: GS II Topic à Statutory and Non-Statutory Bodies:   ·         Context: ·         The government is considering removing clauses pertaining to regulators from the bill due to worries that the new telecom policy may limit the scope of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI(TRAI)). According to a reliable source, the administration is considering creating a new law in the future to strengthen the regulatory body. ·         As a result, on February 20, 1997, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997, a piece of law approved by Parliament, established the TRAI. ·         About TRAI: ·         The TRAI, which was created to govern the sector, set and modified pricing for the Central Government’s prior telecom service providers. ·         About TDSAT: ·         When an ordinance modifying the TRAI Act went into effect on January 24, 2000, the Telecommunications Dispute Settlement and Appellate Tribunal assumed the TRAI’s adjudicatory and dispute-resolution duties. (TDSAT). ·         Eligibility: ·         A person must currently occupy the position of Chief Justice of the High Court or a judgeship on the Supreme Court, or have previously held such positions, in order to be nominated as Chairperson. ·         The positions of Secretary to the Government of India or any equivalent ones in the Central or State Governments must have been held by other members. ·         The term of the Chairperson is only four years, or seventy years if the other TDSAT members are still alive. ·         Members, with the exception of the Chairperson, must be 65 or older. ·         How Long a Membership Lasts: ·         The same rules that apply to the TRAI also apply to the expulsion of a Tribunal member. ·         Civil courts are not permitted to hear any disputes, which must be resolved by the TDSAT. ·         The Tribunal has the same power as a civil court, and TDSAT rulings have the same legal significance and ramifications. ·         It is regulated by the ideas of natural justice rather than being constrained by the rules of civil procedure. ·         The Tribunal has the authority to control its behaviour. ·         The same punishments as under TRAI apply to offences committed under the authority of the TDSAT. ·         The goals of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): ·         Creating a just and open political environment that supports equality of opportunity and encourages fair competition is one of TRAI’s key goals. ·         In an effort to address concerns that have been brought to its attention and provide the necessary guidance for the evolution of the Indian telecom market from a Government owned monopoly to a multi-operator multi-service open competitive market, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has occasionally issued a sizable number of regulations, orders, and directives. ·         Source à The Hindu   3 – Indo Greeks: GS I Topic à Indian Culture:   ·         Context: ·         India has a long tradition of producing coins with divine representations. The first depictions of the Iranian god of wealth, Ardochsho, and the Hindu goddess Lakshmi on coins are attributed to the Kushans, a Central Asian royal family that reigned until the third century AD. ·         Introduction: ·         The Indo-Greek Empire, also known as the Graeco-Indian Empire or the Yavana Empire, was a Hellenistic-era Greek empire that ruled over a small portion of Iran, the northwest Indian subcontinent (which included all of contemporary Pakistan), and a portion of Afghanistan from 180 BCE to around 10 CE. ·         A monarchy that broke away from the dominant Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, which was centred in Bactria, was created after the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India in 180 BCE. ·         Background: ·         Greeks were among the first nationalities to emigrate to India. ·         After capturing control of the westernmost portion of the Indian subcontinent up to the Hyphasis River in 326 BCE, Alexander III established satrapies. ·         Later, in 303 BCE, Chandragupta took over Seleucus’ northwesterly possessions. ·         The historian Megasthenes was one of the Greeks who went to

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 27 OCTOBER 2022   . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        NavIC Prelims & Mains 2.        IMF Prelims & Mains 3.        GEAC Prelims & Mains 4.        Mangarh Dham Prelims & Mains   1 – NavIC: GSIII Topic à Science and Technology:   ·         Context: ·         In order to increase the number of individuals who install and utilise the NavIC, India’s version of the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working on a number of enhancements. During a break in the India Space Congress on Wednesday, ISRO Chairman S. Somanath discussed the organization’s plans to broaden its influence beyond India and a small region around it. ·         An independent regional navigation satellite system called Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) was created in order to give position data inside the Indian region and within 1500 kilometres of the Indian continent. It will have seven satellites and operate as a regional system. ·         How important NavIC is: ·         Two services are offered with real-time data: the regular location service, which is open to all users, and the restricted service, which is only accessible to authorised users, such as military personnel. At the moment, we use the American GPS system to navigate. ·         India joined the group of five nations that each have their own global positioning system, including the United States with GPS, Russia with GLONASS, Europe with Galileo, and China with BeiDu. As a result, India’s reliance on foreign nations for navigational needs decreases. ·         India’s growth in science and technology will benefit from it. ·         It will enable the Indian Armed Forces to achieve independence. While more developed nations like the US and Russia are working to build their own entire or partial constellations, less developed nations like China, the EU, and Japan use GPS and GLONASS. ·         IRNSS application: ·         Disaster management: It will assist with crisis management and rescue efforts as well as provide early warnings of cyclones, tsunamis, heavy storms, etc. to rural populations, especially those who live close to the coast. With knowledge of safe zones and disaster preparedness, the effects of disasters could be reduced. Furthermore, it will enable disaster relief management to prepare in advance and save lives of people in India and up to 1500 kilometres around it. ·         Security: By more closely observing any terrorist operations in border regions and keeping an eye on crucial infrastructure, it would help to improve India’s security. ·         Defense: The initiative will be a force multiplier for the Indian Defense Unit in terms of military application. Defense capabilities will be improved in both war and peacetime due to the wide range of jobs it performs, including target fixing, missile and weapon delivery, preventing civilian fatalities, unit location and direction, vision clarity in bad weather, etc. ·         Accurate measuring and comprehension of the area will be facilitated by the use of mapping and data collecting. ·         Travel: Both short- and long-distance travellers have access to a more precise satellite navigation system. ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – IMF: GS II Topic àInternational Relations:   ·         Context: ·         Even though this level hasn’t often been reached, according to Kristalina Georgieva, head of the International Monetary Fund, central banks should keep hiking interest rates to combat inflation until they reach a “neutral” level. ·         With 190 member countries, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a membership-based organisation. On the executive board of the IMF, there are representatives from the major economic powers. ·         What are the IMF’s objectives? ·         Incentivize cooperation in global finance. ·         good financial standing ·         promote international trade. ·         Encourage a dependable economic recovery and high employment. ·         additionally a decrease in world poverty ·         What Procedures Are Used at the IMF? ·         Its three most crucial duties are: ·         promoting more trade and economic growth, strengthening international monetary cooperation, ·         avoiding actions that can hinder economic expansion. ·         To carry out these missions, IMF member countries work together with other international organisations and one another. ·         What is the history of the IMF? ·         The UN conference held at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944 is where the International Monetary Fund, commonly known as the Fund, was first proposed ·         The 44 nations present aimed to build a framework for economic cooperation in order to avoid a repetition of the competitive devaluations that had deepened the Great Depression of the 1930s. ·         To be eligible for membership in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, countries had to be IMF members (IBRD) ·         Source à The Hindu   3 – GEAC:  GS III Topic à Biotechnology:   ·         Context: ·         The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), an entity that answers to the Union Environment Ministry, has once more given its approval to the application for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) mustard. Before being authorised, the design will be looked through again by the Environment Ministry. The Ministry rejected the request after the GEAC approved it in 2017 and instructed the GEAC to instead carry out more research on the GM crop. ·        This committee is examining genetic engineering: ·         The activity of the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is supervised by the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). ·         It is in charge of assessing the effects on the environment of industrial operations and scientific studies that commonly involve potentially dangerous microbes and recombinants. ·         The committee must also make decisions regarding field tests, the release of GE products into the environment, and other pertinent matters. ·         The Special Secretary/Additional Secretary of MoEF&CC and a delegate from the Department of Biotechnology jointly chair the GEAC (DBT).   ·         Source à The Hindu   4 – Mangarh Dham:  GS I Topic à Art and Culture:   ·         Context: ·         Gehlot was given instructions to complete the state government’s ongoing construction projects at Mangarh Dham as quickly as possible. He also instructed everyone to complete

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 26 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        Air Pollution in Delhi Prelims & Mains 2.        UNSC Prelims & Mains 3.        Border Road Organization Prelims & Mains 4.        Appointment of VCs in States Prelims & Mains   1 – Air Pollution in Delhi: GS III Topic àEnvironmental Conservation:   ·         Context: ·         The national capital’s air quality was still deemed “extremely poor” on Tuesday morning, a night after many disobeyed the prohibition and detonated firecrackers in celebration of Deepavali (October 25.) But compared to previous year’s Deepavali night, the air quality is now better. ·         What is the system at the moment? ·         The three tiers of the current institutional structure are the Center, the Delhi government, and local municipal corporations. ·         The Supreme Court, the Delhi High Court, and the National Green Tribunal are three other judicial institutions that are involved. ·         The three regulatory and enforcement bodies are as follows: a)      The Central Pollution Control Board. b)      The Indian capital’s pollution control committee c)      The Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) for the NCR Region is acting in accordance with the SC’s directives. ·         What are the drawbacks? ·         Administrative – The sheer number of parties engaged is the main cause of the lack of a coordinated response ·         Despite their lack of coordination, it seems as though multiple organisations are active. ·         Because it is unclear who should be held accountable, responsibility declines as more authority is lost. ·         Approach – On the ground, there aren’t many indications of pollution management efforts. ·         Nowadays, the majority of initiatives don’t use any kind of research-based technique. ·         The effectiveness of the adopted strategies and tactics has not been sufficiently evaluated.       ·         Even the origin of the pollution is not known. ·         The current investigation is not sufficiently thorough or of a high calibre to precisely characterise the sources of pollution and their individual contributions. ·         What needs to be done? ·         Single Agency – To approach the problem on a military footing, the Union government needs a single authorised agency. ·         It is critical that the agency’s leadership position is understood and open. ·         Because pollution is an issue regardless of a region’s borders, central government control is crucial.   ·         It appears that Delhi’s issue has some causes outside of the city. ·         Every solution will also include elements that go beyond of what regional and local governments can afford and manage. ·         Executive control: The executive must have complete authority over the company. ·         It ought to decide and have control over it. ·         Although court intervention is possible, it must be done without pressing the government to take action. ·         Judiciary – By bringing the environmental issue to light, the SC has demonstrated initiative and leadership.   ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – UNSC: GS II Topic àInternational Relations   ·         Context: ·         In conjunction with a special meeting of the Counter-Terrorism Committee, a memorial service for the victims of the 26/11 terror attacks will be held on Friday at the Taj Mumbai hotel, one of the attack locations in 2008. (CTC). Each member of the United Nations Security Council will have a representative at the summit. ·         About UNSC: ·         It is one of the six main UN organisations that works to advance global security and peace. ·         On January 17, 1946, it conducted its inaugural meeting in Westminster, London. ·         Its headquarters are in New York. ·         The council is composed of fifteen members. ·         Voting members who are permanent members: ·         The US, China, France, Russia, the UK, and other countries are among those taking part. ·         Among the ten non-permanent members are United Arab Emirates, Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, India, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico, and Norway. ·         More than 50 UN members have never served in a Security Council position. ·         Services and Authorities: ·         to uphold world peace and security in line with the UN’s foundational principles. ·         to look into any problem or circumstance that might cause a world war. ·         to propose changes to these differences or the rules for resolution. ·         to design a weapon control system installation strategy. ·         giving instructions on what to do if violence or threats to the peace are noticed. ·         UNSC criticisms: ·         It has drawn criticism for slipping in terms of importance, influence, and leadership scope. ·         It is challenging for the UN to remain together and concentrate on matters that are important to all member states given the contrasts between the P-5 and other nations. ·         Critics of the council’s lack of multilateralism have also been directed at it in light of the current Covid-19 pandemic and the destruction brought on by the Syrian war. ·         Why UN Reforms Are Required:   ·         Order of the Equitable Society: To sustain the principles of democracy on a global scale, a more equitable society is required. ·         Diversity: Giving developing nations—particularly those in Africa—the ability to make decisions and participation in international organisations is essential. ·         Mitigation of New Threats: The global system needs to become more adaptable and resilient in light of rising protectionism, an increase in terrorist attacks, and the threat posed by climate change.   ·         UNSC members include:   ·         The UNSC’s membership has just once since it was established. ·         The P-5 hasn’t changed at all since the UN’s creation, despite the fact that the number of its members has nearly doubled. ·         The P-5 members’ exclusive use of the veto power has been called into doubt by a number of members. ·         The veto has been criticised by many nations because it goes against democratic norms. ·         Techniques of Work: For instance, a document must be translated into six other languages before it can be adopted, which frequently sparks debates regarding the accuracy of the translations. The adoption of documents by the UN is frequently delayed as a result of this

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 25 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        National Curriculum Framework Prelims & Mains 2.        PMAY Prelims & Mains 3.        NSCN IM Prelims & Mains 4.        Low Earth Orbit Prelims & Mains   1 – National Curriculum Framework: GS II Topic àSocial Issues   ·         Context: ·         The National Curriculum Framework for foundational age children offers a “organic” and “well-framed” framework for teaching children ages 3 to 8, but its implementation would be difficult without sufficient infrastructural support and teacher preparation. ·         About: ·         The new National Curriculum Framework (NCF) aims to encourage and support excellent teaching and learning across the country by bringing the vision of the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) to life in our schools and classrooms. ·         The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) is being developed by the National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT) and the National Steering Committee (NSC), with assistance from the Mandate Group and direction from Dr. K. Kasturirangan. ·         Implementation: ·         Based on district-level consultations, results of mobile app surveys, and position papers produced by the State Focus Groups in the 25 areas/themes chosen as part of the National Education Policy-2020, all states and UTs will first build their State Curriculum Frameworks (SCFs). ·         The States/UTs, Autonomous Organizations, and organisations working for the Ministry of Education will provide input to the NCFs. ·         To get feedback on the issues related to the implementation of the curriculum from various stakeholders, NCERT will conduct a survey on the MyGov Portal. ·         Significance: ·        Given its emphasis on skill development, the crucial role of teachers, mother-tongue learning, cultural rootedness, and holistic child development, the mandate document Guidelines for the Development of the NCF under New Education Policy 2020 can be seen as a step toward the decolonization of the Indian educational system. ·         The curriculum reform based on the new NCF has a deadline of February 28, 2023, as specified by the Mandate Group. ·         Industrialization, imperialism, and colonialism all had an impact on the world; as a result, India was a colony of the British Empire for two centuries. ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – PMAY: GS II   Topic àGovernment Schemes:   ·         Context: ·         More than half of the homes authorised under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) housing scheme of the BJP-led government have already been delivered, according to Union Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs Hardeep Singh Puri. The construction of the other homes is at varying stages. ·         About: ·         The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), a government programme supported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, is part of Housing for All by 2022. (MoHUA). ·         It helps the urban poor afford them by providing a discount on the interest rate of a housing loan during EMI payments (Equated Monthly Installments). ·         Beneficiaries: ·         For individuals in the EWS/LIG and MIG groups, especially those who reside in slums, the Mission is focused on the lack of urban housing. ·         a region with lower economic prosperity: The maximum yearly income for a family is Rs. 3,00,00. ·         The yearly family income limits for Low Income Groups (LIG) and Middle Income Groups (MIG I & II) are Rs. 6,00,000 and Rs. 18,00,000, respectively. ·         A beneficiary family consists of the husband, wife, and any daughters or sons who are not married. ·         Source à The Hindu     3 – NSCN IM: GS III Topic àInternal Security:   ·         Context: ·         The National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Isak Muivah (NSCN-IM), which has resumed talks with the Indian government, and the working committee of the Naga National Political Groups (NNPGs), an umbrella organisation of seven insurgent groups from Nagaland, met last week in an effort to mediate a peace agreement. ·         What year was the NSCN established? ·         Since the Shillong Accord did not address the issue of Naga sovereignty and required them to adopt the Constitution, many NNC top officials and those working out of Burma rejected it. ·         Three NNC leaders founded the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) in 1981 to carry on the armed movement. They belonged to the Thuingaleng Muivah Tangkhul Naga clan from Manipur’s Ukhrul district. ·         Isak Chishi Swu and S. S. Khaplang are respectively from the Sema and Hemis tribes.   ·         According to the NSCN’s mission statement, a People’s Republic of Nagaland free from Indian authority would be founded on Christian principles and use socialism to advance economic development.   ·         With just 150 founding members, the NSCN swiftly grew to 3,000 members, the majority of whom belonged to the Konyak and Tangkhul Naga tribes.   ·         Due to protracted internal turmoil, substantial interethnic conflict, and disputes regarding the movement’s main goal, the NSCN split into two organisations in 1988. ·         The NSCN-IM and NSCN-K were led by Isak Chishi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah, and S S Khaplang, respectively. ·         The NNC was dissolved after Mr. Phizo’s death in 1990, and the NSCN-IM became known as the most powerful rebel group. It also aided the emergence of minor factions in other states. ·         What expressions are connected to the NSCN-main IM? ·         Greater Nagalim would be the final region in the Northeast with Naga population of 1.2 million if they all lived there (a sovereign state). Additionally covered are Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, and parts of Myanmar. ·         The Naga Yezabo is the national flag of the Naga people (Constitution).   ·         Has a peace deal ever been signed between the government and the Naga factions? ·         The Indian government convinced the NSCN-IM to commit to a ceasefire in 1997 in order to start negotiations for the signing of a peace deal for the Naga area. ·         Finally, in 1998, the NSCN-K agreed to a two-month cease-fire; this agreement was subsequently often extended throughout the years. The Center initially sent an invitation to the NSCN-K to participate in any negotiations or cease-fire agreements, but they

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 24 OCTOBER 2022   . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        India – Saudi Arabia Relations Prelims & Mains 2.        Banking Regulation Act Prelims & Mains 3.        5 G Prelims Specific Topic 4.        NGT Prelims Specific Topic   1 – India – Saudi Arabia Relations: GS II Topic à International Relations   ·         Context: ·         On his route to Indonesia in the middle of November, Mohammad bin Salman (MbS), the Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister, is likely to make a stop in India to meet with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Both presidents are anticipated to leave for Bali, where the G-20 meeting will take place from November 15 to 16, following their brief visit on November 14. ·         History: ·         The first trade and cultural contacts between ancient India and Arabia were formed about the third millennium BC. ·         By the year 1000 AD, the Arabian economy was based on the thriving trade relations between Arabia and southern India. ·         Arab traders had a tight hold on the spice trade between India and Europe before the rise of European colonial powers. ·         India was one of the first nations to establish links with the Third Saudi State. ·         After the two countries established diplomatic ties in 1947, senior officials from both governments exchanged visits. While Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited the Kingdom in 1956, King Saud visited India in 1955. ·         What is the Strategic Partnership Council between Saudi Arabia and India? ·         In response to the Indian Prime Minister’s visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in October 2019, the Strategic Partnership Council was created. ·         These are its two primary pillars: ·         Committee on Politics, Security, Social Welfare, and Culture ·         Committee on Investments and the Economy ·         Following the UK, France, and China, India is the fourth nation with whom Saudi Arabia has developed such a strategic partnership. ·         Economic and trade ties: ·         Saudi Arabia, which supplies more than 18% of India’s crude oil needs, is the country’s fourth-largest trading partner after China, the US, and Japan. ·         Iraq was formerly India’s main source of crude oil; Saudi Arabia now fills that position. ·         Saudi Arabia exports a lot of LPG to India. ·         Saudi Arabia and India have cultural similarities: ·         By signing an MoU on Yoga Cooperation in 2021, the Saudi Ministry of Sports and the Ministry of AYUSH in India made it possible for the Kingdom to put official Yoga standards and programmes in place. This was the first country in the Gulf to implement these rules ·         The largest foreign-born population in the Kingdom is the roughly 2.2 million-strong Indian community. ·         An important element in the bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and India is the yearly Hajj pilgrimage. ·         Immigrants from India: ·         The largest foreign-born population and “most favoured community” in Saudi Arabia is the 2.6 million-strong Indian community. They are known to be considerate, disciplined, intelligent, and law-abiding. ·         Naval Training: ·         Al-Mohed Al-Hindi Drill, a joint naval exercise between Saudi Arabia and India, was held in 2021. ·         Way Forward: ·         By persuading Saudi Arabia to utilise its sway over Pakistan to limit the Taliban in Afghanistan, India may be able to use its close connections to Saudi Arabia to its benefit. ·           ·         Southwest Asia will be impacted by cooperation because both economies will benefit.   ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – Banking Regulation Act: GS III Topic àIndian Economy   ·         Context: ·         The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is currently keeping a careful eye on the private bank Dhanlaxmi Bank in Thrissur in order to increase public scrutiny of the bank’s financial status. In response to a protracted court battle between a group of minority shareholders and the bank’s management over incomplete financial disclosures, rising costs, and general business mismanagement, the RBI rendered this decision. Minority shareholders have asked for an extraordinary general meeting to be held next month to explore whether to restrict the chief executive officer’s discretionary spending power in light of the bank’s deteriorating capital adequacy condition. ·         What exactly does the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 mean? ·         The Banking Regulation Act of 1949 is a law. In addition to providing information on a variety of subjects, including Indian bank administration, operations, and licencing, it also oversees bank activities. On March 16, 1949, the Banking Companies Act of 1949, which had been approved, came into force. On March 1st, 1966, the Banking Regulation Act of 1949, commonly known as the Banking Companies Act of 1949, came into force. ·         The following powers are granted to the Reserve Bank of India by the Act: ·         Before banks may be licenced, shareholder ownership and voting rights must be regulated. ·         to monitor board and management selections. ·         to create guidelines for bank operations. ·         to provide standards for controls, mergers, liquidations, and audits.   ·         The 1949 Banking Regulation Act has been modified:   ·         Initially, financial institutions were the main targets of the bill. When Section 56 of the Act was added in 1965, cooperative banks came under its jurisdiction. Cooperative banks, whose operations are restricted to a particular state, are established and managed by state governments. However, the RBI is in charge of granting licences and supervising company activity. The Banks Act was a supplement to previous banking laws.   ·         The Lok Sabha recently approved a change to the 1949 Banking Regulation Act. The Banking Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance is replaced by the act, which has the same stance and is published in June 2020.   ·         Source à The Hindu   3 – 5 G GS III Topic àScience and Technology   ·         Context: ·         The launch of 5G services was announced by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on October 1. Nearly three weeks after Mr. Modi launched 5G services in India, the majority of mobile phone users who have a 5G-enabled handset and are in areas where

   DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS  21 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        Forest Conservation Act 1980 Prelims & Mains 2.        Indian Vultures Prelims & Mains 3.        Indian Meteorological Department Prelims & Mains 4.        Official Language of India Prelims & Mains   1 – Forest Conservation Act 1980: GS II Topic à Government Policies and Interventions   ·         Context: ·         According to chair Harsh Chouhan, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) has a responsibility to “warn the government” when its policies might have an impact on the rights and welfare of tribal people. According to him, the NCST asked the Union Environment and Forest Ministry to postpone the new Forest Conservation Rules, 2022, for this reason above all others. ·         According to the Forest Conservation Act of 1980, obtaining permission from the government is required before engaging in sustainable agroforestry in forested regions. A person was considered a criminal if they were operating against the law. ·         The Center receives recommendations for these clearances from an advisory body established by the Act. ·         The Act applies to all types of woods, including private, protected, communal, and reserved forests ·         It made an effort to preserve biodiversity, safeguard wildlife, and halt further destruction. This Act fell short of its objectives while having a better power to conserve forests. ·         Features ·         In four of the circumstances stated in Section 2 of the legislation, the Central Government must give its consent before any state action is taken. ·         that no restricted woodland is currently protected. ·         utilising the resources of a forest for uses other than forestry ·         Anyone is welcome to hire a forest. ·         stating that any forest site can be used for planting new trees after old trees have been removed. ·         Another non-forest function is the removal of self-regenerating forest to make plantations. ·         A provision for compensatory afforestation is also included. In a similar way to how they pay for revenue land, the user agency must pay for forest land. Net Present Value (NPV) must be repaid over a 50-year period. The NPV of the environmental cost is borne by forests. ·         What amendments are recommended? ·         Exemptions for Road and Railways: Any vegetated, undeveloped land that was purchased by a variety of ministries, including Road and Railways, among others, before 1980 is intended to be exempt from the Act. The purchased land won’t need to be cleared for new development or expansion. ·         Private property cannot be utilised for any non-forestry purposes in accordance with the current definition of a forest under the Forest Act. As a one-time relaxation, the government wants to permit the construction of buildings with residential units up to 250 square metres. ·         It won’t be necessary to remove forests to construct defence projects close to international borders. Important national initiatives are consequently delayed. ·         Extraction of Oil and Natural Gas: New environmentally friendly techniques are being developed to extract oil and natural gas that have been discovered deep beneath forest land by drilling holes outside of forest areas. The Act should not apply to this technology because it is so environmentally benign. ·         The building of zoos, safaris, and facilities for forest training are examples of activities that are suggested to be excluded from the category of non-forestry uses because they are related to the preservation of forests and animals. ·         Before leasing forest land to private companies, the Union government would not require permission. ·         What worries exist? ·         The ecological system might suffer if private land use is accepted as a personal right. the rate of deforestation increasing ·         Tree growth will be stopped to create place for development projects if prior approval is not obtained. Deforestation will eventually result from the revised Act. ·         The rights or means of subsistence of the clans and tribes who live in the woodlands are unaffected by the adjustments. ·         Wildlife will be impacted by the development of a zoo, safari, and training facility. Source à The Hindu   2 – Indian Vultures: GS III Topic à Environmental Conservation:   ·         Context: ·         Concerns were aroused by the 96% fall in the population of vultures in India between 1993 and 2003, which prompted the Central government to develop two action plans in 2006 and 2020–2025 to protect the species across the nation. The establishment of State-level committees to safeguard the critically endangered vulture population is one of the main action objectives in this national strategy. ·         In India, NSAIDS pose a serious threat to vultures: ·         The three NSAIDS are frequently used, putting the Center’s 20 years of work to stop the vulture population decline in the wild in peril. ·         Of substitute diclofenac, whose use on animals was banned by India in 2006 due to the drug’s propensity to kill vultures, aceclofenac, ketoprofen, and nimesulide were made available ·         Diclofenac: ·         Diclofenac, a medication for treating cattle, has been connected to vulture renal failure and a decline in vulture population. ·         Although it was outlawed in 2006, the drug still appears to be accessible. ·         Despite the fact that diclofenac may be hazardous to vultures, veterinarians nevertheless use medication to treat animals. As the vultures consume the corpses, the medications are absorbed by their bodies. ·         Action Plan for Vulture Conservation 2020-2025: ·         It is recommended that vulture conservation breeding centres be constructed in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Tripura, and Karnataka. ·         The creation of a “Vulture Safe Zone” would also safeguard the remaining Red-Headed and Egyptian vulture populations. ·         Why is environmental preservation crucial for vultures? ·         Due to their consumption of carrion, vultures are crucial to an intrinsic infection-control mechanism. ·         A thriving and balanced environment is maintained by vultures and other scavengers. Amazingly, vultures consume contaminated carcasses and don’t get sick. ·         Because stomach acids have the ability to do so, they can eliminate the virus. Thus, the chain of transmission is cut. Dangerous viruses such as cholera, foot-and-mouth disease, rabies, distemper,

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 20 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        UNSC Prelims & Mains 2.        Web3 Ecosystem Prelims & Mains 3.        Rustom 2 UAV Prelims & Mains 4.        Swadesh Darshan Scheme Prelims & Mains   1 – UNSC: GS II Topic à International Relations:   ·         Context: ·         China once again turned down requests from India and the US to include terrorists with ties to Pakistan to the 1267 list of terrorist organisations that the UN Security Council updates. Washington and New Delhi jointly added Talha Saeed and Shahid Mehmood, the deputy leader of the Falah I Insaniyat Foundation (FIF), a front organisation for the Lashkar e Toiba (LeT), to the wanted list. Son of LeT founder Hafiz Saeed is Talha Saeed. After learning that the two men are purportedly wanted for supporting the LeT/Jamaat ud Dawa, the group believed to be responsible for the 26 Tuesday and Wednesday at the UNSC, China swiftly implemented a suspension. ·         One of the UN bodies tasked with preserving world peace and security is the Security Council (UNSC). The United States, the United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia are the Security Council’s five permanent members. ·         Function and current applicability of the UNSC: ·         One of the six major United Nations committees tasked with preserving world peace and security is the Security Council (UNSC). ·         It is crucial for the support of any amendments to the United Nations Charter as well as the admission of new members. ·         Among its capabilities are:  ·        the beginning of operations to maintain peace. ·         the implementation of global sanctions. ·         Military action is permitted by Security Council resolutions. ·        Issues faced by UNSC: ·         The current issues in Gaza, Syria, or Ukraine have not been mentioned. ·         Since so many countries abused the platform for their own gain, it was unable to develop a reputation as a trustworthy and legitimate organisation. ·         It has not condemned terrorism with the vigour that it ought to have. ·         Permanent Membership in the UNSC for India: ·         Power concentration: The UN speaks for all of humanity. Because there are just 5 regular participants in this enormous group, power has been concentrated. ·         A new circumstance Ambassadors for the post-World War II era are currently Security Council members. It is in conflict with how this is causing the global power structure to shift. Reforms are necessary. ·         Emergence of new powers: To aid in the effective running of councils, the UNSC was initially granted a number of major powers. India, Brazil, Germany, and Japan are becoming more involved in response to calls for reforms to the UN Security Council from major economies and developing global powers. ·         Absence of Representation: Among the council’s permanent members, neither South America nor Africa are represented. ·         Consequences: The economy may be negatively impacted significantly by the Security Council’s capacity to pass legally binding resolutions authorising the use of force and the imposition of international sanctions. Source à The Hindu   2 – Web3 Ecosystem: GS III Topic à Science and Technology:   ·         Context: ·         According to Nasscom, more than 450 active start-ups in India’s Web3 ecosystem have secured $1.3 billion in funding as of April. ·         In a study by Nasscom and Hashed Emergent, it was found that India had the potential to become one of the world’s fastest-growing Web3 markets while the market for the technology was still in its infancy due to its growing economy, demographic dividend, and exponential adoption of emerging technologies across sectors. ·         What is it? – Web3: ·         Blockchain will fuel the services of Web3, the next iteration of the Internet. ·         Experts predict that Web3 will change how we use the internet. ·         According to some business analysts, Web3 may even be able to break the world’s monopolistic hold on a small number of digital enterprises. ·         Users will manage Web3, a decentralised online ecosystem driven by blockchain, rather than any centralised power. ·         How will Web 3.0 be used? ·         The majority of architects and builders will participate in this new economy, employ state-of-the-art machinery, and launch their own businesses. ·         Web3 supports a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). Web3 will enable users to control their own data management on a fair, decentralised internet. ·         It would also free people from the fundamentally flawed paradigm of user-generated data monetization based on adverts, which has come to characterise the current digital economy, as well as the exorbitant rents sought by the huge platforms. ·         What issues do they relate to? ·         Because Web3 is still in its very early phases, it is still unknown if it will become popular in the same way that Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 did. ·         Web3 worries both academics and technology specialists because, in their opinion, it does not address the problems it purports to. ·         The Web 3.0 movement is still in its early stages in India. The blockchain platform’s scalability and durability are disputed issues. ·         What steps should we take? ·         Web 3.0 offensive strategy Underestimating the developer fervour, generational vigour, and VC funding entering Web3 would be stupid. ·         This momentum will drive the Web away from its present avatar and toward a new paradigm. ·         Due to the general lack of interest in Web 2.0, the leading digital platforms—social media, ride-hailing, e-commerce, and search—have taken over our surrounds. All of these platforms adhere to western standards. ·         Web 3.0 must now be actively affected on a global scale.   Source à The Hindu   3 – Rustom 2 UAV: GS II  Topic à Science and Technology:   ·         Context: ·         Defense authorities predict that the indigenous medium altitude long endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) currently being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) will complete all client testing by August 2023. The Rustom UAV is also being used as a weapon in a different mission. ·         About: ·         It is

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS 19 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        About the FATF Prelims & Mains 2.        Details of the AK 203 Assault Rifles Prelims & Mains 3.        About the Uniform Civil Code Prelims & Mains 4.        Details of the GI Tags Prelims & Mains 1 – About the FATF: GS II   Topic à International Relations:   ·         Context: ·         At the Financial Action Task Force’s plenary conference this week in Paris, Pakistan is anticipated to be removed off the group’s “grey list,” though it will still be required to update members on its efforts to stop the funding of terrorism and money laundering. India will keep a close eye on this choice. ·         The FATF: ·         The Financial Action Task Force is the name of the international organisation in charge of policing money laundering and terrorism financing (FATF). ·         By establishing global rules, the international organisation aims to eradicate these illegal behaviours and the harm they cause to society. ·         As a part of its function as a policy-making body, the FATF seeks to develop the necessary political will to carry out these kinds of national legislative and regulatory reforms. ·         To enable a coordinated international response to combat terrorism, organised crime, and corruption, the FATF created the FATF Recommendations, often known as FATF Standards. ·         They assist law enforcement in tracking down the money that criminals use to carry out crimes including the selling of illegal drugs and human trafficking. ·         The FATF seeks to stop financial support for WMDs, especially nuclear weapons. ·         The FATF’s obligations include: ·         The FATF regularly modifies its standards to handle emerging dangers. One such area, which is becoming increasingly important as cryptocurrencies gain popularity, is the regulation of virtual assets. The FATF also examines techniques for financing terrorism and money laundering. ·         By overseeing the complete and efficient implementation of the FATF Standards, the FATF holds non-compliant countries accountable. ·         The FATF has the following objectives: ·         To prevent money laundering, sponsorship of terrorism, and other threats to the integrity of the global financial system, proper use of judicial, administrative, and operational procedures must be promoted.   Source à The Hindu   2 –Details of the AK 203 Assault Rifles: GS III Topic à Internal Security:   ·         Context: ·         By the end of 2022, the Indo-Russian joint venture at Korwa in Uttar Pradesh will start producing AK-203 assault rifles, claims a senior Russian official. ·        About: ·         The AK-203 assault rifle is thought to be the most modern and technologically sophisticated iteration of the AK-47. ·         It is an AK-100 rifle with a 7.6239mm round (one that offers the AK-74M system, in multiple cartridges and lengths). ·         This variant is planned to replace the Indian Small Arms System (INSAS) 5.5645 mm assault rifle, which is currently used by the Army, Navy, and Air Force as well as other security forces. ·         High altitude use of the INSAS weapon is not recommended. These rifles are also prone to jams, oil leaks, and other issues.   ·         Advantages and strengths of the AK-203:   ·         Due to their popularity and user-friendliness, these guns have withstood tests in both extreme cold and heat. ·         This particular model is an improved AK-47 with a 30-round magazine. ·         Because they are AK line products, as opposed to INSAS guns, these rifles never jam. ·         These guns, which are modifications of Kalashnikov rifles, can fire through sand, dirt, water, and inclement weather. ·         These weapons also offer a high degree of adaptation, customization, and versatility. ·         the AK-203 rifles’ more powerful 7.62 mm NATO standard ammunition. ·         In automatic and semi-automatic settings, the rifle can fire 600 rounds per minute, or 10 bullets per second.   Source à The Hindu   3 – About the Uniform Civil Code: GS II Topic à Government Policies and Interventions:   ·         Context: ·         People of other religions and denominations who adhere to separate property and marriage rules are a “affront to the nation’s unity.” Article 44 of the Uniform Civil Code, according to the administration’s argument before the Supreme Court, separates religion from social ties and the law. ·         About: ·         The Uniform Civil Code ensures that all national people are governed by the same personal law. This code, which will replace the existing religious personal laws in existence in India, will establish a single, universal standard that will be enforced to everyone, regardless of where they choose to worship. The “UCC” abbreviation stands for the Uniform Civil Code. It simply means that, with the exception of any specific religion, a single law controls every aspect of life throughout the entire country. The “Uniform Civil Code” is specifically mentioned in Article 44, Part 4 of the Indian Constitution. Article 44 is one of the Directive Principles of State Policy. ·         The adoption of an uniform civil code affects a country’s capacity to accommodate its diverse people and commitment to justice. ·         Constitutional provisions that refer to the UCC: ·         Article 44: ·         A UCC must exist because the Constitution requires “The State to endeavour to obtain for the Citizens a consistent civil code across the territory of India.” ·         This is regarded as advisory in nature because it is contained inside the chapter on the Directive Principles of State Policy. ·         Article 37: ·         believes that although being listed as a national goal in the Indian Constitution, a single civil code is neither a guarantee made by the constitution nor a fundamental right. ·         Litigation cannot be used to obtain a UCC. Despite this, judges still express their opinions. ·         The Uniform Civil Code’s history: ·         Since colonial India, the notion of creating a universal civil code has been the subject of intense discussion. The concept was first proposed by the British government in 1835 as a part of a scheme to codify Indian laws abroad and enhance the administration of justice. Criminal laws were developed and made

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS  17 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        Galwan River Prelims & Mains 2.        Landfill Sites Prelims & Mains 3.        Foreign Direct Investment Prelims & Mains 4.        Old Pension Scheme Prelims & Mains   1 – Galwan River: GS II Topic àInternational Relations:   ·         Context: ·         On October 16, immediately before Chinese President Xi Jinping entered the stage at Beijing’s Great Hall of the People to inaugurate China’s once every five years party congress, a film honouring the nation’s major achievements during the prior 10 years was screened on the venue’s screens. ·         One of the eagerly expected images of China’s space programme and its cutting-edge domestic passenger aeroplane, the C919, was taken in the Galwan Valley, which is on the border between China and India. ·         About: ·         The Galwan River links the contentious Aksai Chin region, governed by China, to the Indian Ladakh region. ·         It begins near the Samzungling caravan camp on the eastern slope of the Karakoram Mountains and travels west till it merges with the Shyok River. ·         The meeting of the two rivers is located 102 kilometres south of Daulat Beg Oldi.      ·         Galwan is a part of the Indus River system because of the Shyok River’s inflow. ·         The little valley of the Galwan River in the Karakoram mountains has been used by China and India as a flashpoint in their border dispute. Source à The Hindu    2 – Landfill Sites  GS III Topic àEnvironmental Conservation related issues   ·         Context: ·         The elimination of all legacy landfills nationwide is one of the goals of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0, and representatives from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs claim that preparations are well under way. A public dashboard that tracks the progress at 2,200 such sites is also a possibility. ·         About: ·         Solid trash is stacked, compacted, and covered in a landfill, a man-made trench sunk into the ground. ·         Landfills hold both household and business garbage. The majority of household garbage found in landfills is organic waste, which includes items like food, paper, cardboard, and wood. ·         Landfills could also contain plastic or tin packaging. ·         In a landfill, a safety liner prevents toxic substances from seeping through the waste and tainting the water supply. ·         Additionally, this prevents the spread of rats and insects. ·         Dumping waste in landfills: ·         Landfills of today are much more than just locations to deposit trash. ·         This is a result of more cautious waste management practises to preserve the quality of the groundwater nearby. ·         To safeguard the local ecology, lighter items should be kept near to the sanitary dump’s base, where the majority of hazardous waste is buried. ·         Limitations: ·         Sanitary landfills could be fatal if their systems malfunction since they require ongoing maintenance, wastewater treatment, and the recovery of poisonous gases. ·         Sanitary landfills’ main drawbacks are their propensity to harm the environment and their pricey space and resource requirements for waste containment. ·         Benefits: ·         Because carbon dioxide and methane are generated when waste begins to degrade, landfills provide for excellent energy sources. ·         It is possible to extract, clean, and utilise these gases to produce energy. ·         The nation’s landfills create about 95.6 million tonnes of carbon (IV) oxide per year. ·         Environmentally friendly: Landfills are not hazardous to the environment because of the efforts of environmentalists and conservationists who advocated for tight landfill rules, norms, and standards. ·         It is no longer common practise to simply dump almost anything in open-air landfills. ·         Problems with landfills ·         Greenhouse Gases: Significant amounts of CO2 and methane gas are released into the environment during the decomposition of human excrement. ·         These are greenhouse gases, which are very important in the process of global warming. ·         Hazardous waste is disposed of in landfills, where it slowly seeps into the soil and groundwater. ·         The ecosystem is seriously threatened by this. Among the substances on the list are arsenic, mercury, PVC, acids, lead, and household cleaning products. ·         Leachate, a toxic chemical produced when water filters through landfill waste, has the potential to readily poison our rivers. ·         Conclusion: ·         Even though contemporary landfills are designed to confine hazardous trash, leaks can nevertheless occur occasionally. As a result, landfills continue to pose a threat to the environment and public health. Communities of colour and those with lower incomes frequently reside close to landfills, according to studies. Because of this injustice, these people are more likely to be exposed to the health risks associated with landfills.   Source à The Hindu   3 – Foreign Direct Investment  GS II  Topic àEconomy related issues   ·         Context: ·         Despite investor apprehension caused by the pandemic and geopolitical upheaval, a survey by the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) and EY estimates that India has the potential to attract $475 billion in FDI flows over the next five years. ·         Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): What is it? ·         A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a monetary investment made into a company or organisation in another country by a party from that country with the aim of forming a long-term partnership. ·         A company can employ foreign direct investment, among other things, to grow internationally and buy a long-term interest. ·         In open economies with competent people and promising economic prospects, foreign direct investment (FDI) is widespread. ·         The following are some advantages of foreign direct investment (FDI): ·         Foreign direct investment (FDI) can benefit local businesses, the business environment, and the economy of the nation where it is generated. Emerging economies benefit from foreign direct investment. ·         Foreign direct investment supports the development of human capital, the spread of technology, and the integration of global trade. ·         Foreign direct investment pitfalls: ·         Foreign direct investment limitations and currency rates may be detrimental to the investing nation. ·         It occasionally can impede local investment by diverting resources elsewhere. ·         Foreign