DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS  04 OCTOBER 2022   . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       Nord Stream 2 Prelims & Mains 2.       National Education Policy Prelims & Mains 3.       UAPA Prelims & Mains 4.       Arctic Climate Crisis Prelims & Mains  1 – Nord Stream 2:   GS III   Topic  Science and Technology   ·       Context:   ·       On September 29, when gas bubbled up in the Baltic Sea for the fourth day in a row, the already damaged Nord Stream pipes connecting Russia and Europe saw their fourth consecutive gas leak. Since Monday, three pipeline breaks have been reported at various locations. While the other two were reported from Danish seas, two of the leaks occurred in Swedish waters.   ·       About:   ·       A network of offshore natural gas pipelines connects Germany and Russia beneath the Baltic Sea. ·       The 1,224 km Nord Stream 1 undersea gas pipeline travels from Lubmin, Germany, to Vyborg, Russia, via the Baltic Sea. ·       As part of Nord Stream 2, two new pipelines are being built from Ust-Luga to Lubmin. ·       Through the pipeline, which is primarily used by Russian energy giant Gazprom, Germany receives its gas supply. ·       Concerns over possible constraints on the supply of gas to Europe are mounting. ·       Countries in Europe depend on Russian energy to get through the long winters. ·       However, they now think that Russia might use their dependence as a weapon in retaliation to their sanctions as a result of the Ukraine problem. ·       What alternative energy options are there in Europe? ·       More and more European nations are looking to liquified natural gas (LNG), which is transported from the US, as a replacement for their current energy sources. ·       In addition, because ship-delivered gas is typically significantly more expensive, efforts are being made to get non-Russian pipeline gas from Norway and Azerbaijan. ·       A number of EU nations are now going back to coal in an effort to address their energy crisis, despite their prior efforts to phase out fossil fuels and prioritise renewable energy sources.   Source  The Hindu   2 – National Education Policy:   GS II   Topic  Social Sector   ·       Context:   ·       The Ministry of Education established the Bharatiya Bhasha Samiti in November 2021 with the intention of advancing Indian languages. Chamu Krishna Shastry, a supporter of Sanskrit who has received the Padma Shri award, is the leader of this powerful council. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which mandates that mother tongue be utilised as the medium of instruction in schools and higher education institutions, has entrusted the committee with creating an action plan for the expansion of Indian languages. On the group’s road map, he spoke with Jagriti Chandra of The Hindu.   ·       The New Education Policy-2020’s Highlights:   ·       In July 2020, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 was published. ·       The National Policy on Education, 1986, will be replaced by NEP 2020. ·       It aspires to make sure that all pupils, from kindergarten through grade 12, have equal access. ·       Every child between the ages of 0 and 6 shall have access to excellent early childhood care and education. ·       A new curriculum and pedagogy were introduced (5+3+3+3+3+3+4). ·       a foundational stage of five years (for ages 3 to 8). ·       a three-year planning period (for ages 8 to 11 or classes 3 to 5). ·       three years of intermediate school (for ages 11 to 14 or classes 6 to 8). ·       four years for secondary school (for ages 14 to 18 or classes 9 to 12). ·       The humanities and sciences, extracurricular activities and academic pursuits, and job pathways are not clearly separated from one another. ·       to launch a national push for fundamental literacy and math abilities. ·       in favour of India’s usage of several languages. ·       a review of the new board exams. PARAKH is starting a brand-new National Assessment Center (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development). ·       Socially and economically disadvantaged groups are given special treatment. ·       There are Special Education Zones and a Special Gender Inclusion Fund for underprivileged areas and populations. ·       a fair hiring process for educators and performance evaluations based on merit. ·       ensuring that all resources are accessible at school complexes and clusters. ·       The creation of the State School Standards Authority was decided. ·       encouraging vocational education in institutions of higher learning. ·       boosting the higher education sector’s Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) to 50%. ·       There are various entry and departure points for a multidisciplinary education. ·       the foundation of a credit institution for education. ·       creating universities that conduct transdisciplinary research and education ·       A national research foundation was founded. ·       The development of online and remote learning will boost GER’s four-year, comprehensive Bachelor of Education programme in teacher preparation. ·       The three categories below will be applied to all higher education institutions (HEIs): ·       Research universities place equal emphasis on teaching and research. ·       Education is given top priority in universities. ·       Universities that awarded degrees mostly concentrated on teaching undergrads. ·       The commercialization of higher education will be combated and stopped using a variety of tactics with checks and balances. ·       All educational institutions will be subject to the same auditing and reporting rules as “not-for-profit corporations.” ·       As a result of the cooperation between the Center and the States, public investment in education will rise, at the earliest reaching 6% of GDP. ·       The Central Advisory Board of Education needs to be enhanced in order to preserve coordination and put a greater emphasis on high-quality education in general.   ·       NEP 2020 goals include:   ·       changes to the curriculum’s content. ·       The youngster ought to get teaching in their native tongue or regional tongue. The current trilingual organisation will continue. ·       reorganising the administration of the entire evaluation system and teacher preparation. ·       Ensure that schools are run efficiently. ·       The gross enrollment ratio will rise from its 2018 value of 26.3% to 50% by 2035. ·       Reorganization of a multidisciplinary educational institution that supports online learning and advances research.   Source  The Hindu 3 – UAPA:   GS III   Topic  Internal Security of India:   ·       Context:   ·       According to sources, the Delhi Police allegedly lodged a complaint against the Popular Front of India under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) in Shaheen Bagh

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS    03 OCTOBER 2022  . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       5 G in India Prelims & Mains 2.       Swachh Survekshan 2023 Prelims & Mains 3.       Climate Change Prelims & Mains 4.       Jim Corbett National Park Prelims Specific Topic     1 – 5 G in India:   GS III   Topic  Science and Technology   ·       Context:   ·       On October 1, 2022, Prime Minister Narendra unveiled the 5G telecom services, ushering in a new era in technology. These services aim to offer seamless coverage, high data rates, minimal latency, and extremely dependable communications systems.   ·       The fifth-generation mobile network is known as 5G. Next-generation cellular technology will offer ultra-low latency communication that is quicker and more dependable. According to a government panel analysis, peak network data speeds for 5G are anticipated to be between 2 and 20 Gigabit per second (Gbps). In comparison, 4G connectivity speeds in India only average 6-7 Megabit per second (Mbps), compared to 25 Mbps in developed nations. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defines and oversees the standards for the use of 5G. (3GPP).   ·       5G benefits for the communication sector include:   ·       According to a government-appointed panel’s research, the cumulative economic impact of 5G in India is predicted to reach $1 trillion by 2035.   ·       In a separate analysis, telecom equipment manufacturer Ericsson predicted that India’s 5G-enabled digitalization revenue potential will exceed $27 billion by 2026.   ·       The GSMA, a worldwide trade association for the telecom sector, also predicted that by 2025, there will be roughly 70 million 5G connections in India.   ·       The Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine communications are two developing technologies that 5G is predicted to be the foundation for.   ·       It would be able to enable a considerably wider variety of services and applications, such as autonomous cars, telemedicine, and real-time data analytics. ·       Implementing sensor-embedded networks that enable real-time information relay across industries including manufacturing, consumer goods, and agriculture will be one of the main applications of 5G.   ·       By enhancing its intelligence, 5G can also help make transportation infrastructure more effective.   ·       Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication will be made possible by 5G, paving the way for the development of driverless cars among other things.   ·       For these use cases, 5G is a desirable technology due to its extremely low latency. The amount of time it takes for data to go from its source to its destination is known as latency.   ·       India’s desire to deploy 5G and play a vital role in its development and growth has been mentioned by the government on numerous occasions. A high-level forum was established in 2016 to advise India on a 5G strategy.   ·       The potential of this spectrum was recognised in the National Digital Communications Policy of 2018, and TRAI has recommended a reserve price for the auction of 5G spectrum in the 3.3-3.4 GHz and 3.4-3.5 GHz bands.   ·       Economies of scale challenges:   ·       Allocation of frequencies: Indian operators have much less spectrum than foreign operators. The hefty investment costs that give telecom businesses second thoughts about their ROI.   ·       Network investment: There are problems with capital augmentation in the Indian telecom industry that need to be fixed. Lack of investment capital: A large number of Indian operators are also burdened with debt.   ·       Telecom companies appear hesitant to take part in the auction, citing the high reserve price of 490 crore per MHz and the inadequate amount of spectrum available.   ·       Regulations: The adoption of new technologies more quickly when the costs of earlier investments in technology have not been recovered adds another layer of complexity.   ·       Technical Difficulties: It is difficult to create an IT architecture that can be used globally while still allowing for regionally specific technology.   ·       Lack of government incentives: Given the growing pressure on its revenues, particularly following the COVID-19-induced slowdown, government has little motive to sacrifice income.   ·       Taxes are deterring investment in new technologies because the current flat rate of 6% of adjusted gross income for licence fees and 3% for spectrum usage charges is deterring it.   ·       Ineffective auction design keeps valuable spectrum unutilized. This comprises priceless 5G spectrum in the 700 MHz and 3.5 GHz bands as well as the highly coveted E and B bands.   ·       Steps to Take:   ·       Digital India must be compatible with 5G technologies.   ·       Encourage the development and production of 5G technology, goods, and services in India.   ·       It is necessary to release unused spectrum, at least until it starts to earn sizable profits.   ·       Provide funding and incentives for local telecom and technology companies to build up their internal capabilities, which will aid in the adoption of 5G technology in the nation.   ·       Encourage 5G start-ups that allow these manufacturing and design capabilities.   ·       Encourage the creation of IPR for the aforementioned designs.   ·       The production of 5G chipsets may necessitate significant investments.   ·       The right test environments and technological foundations to support and enable the Indian technical ecosystem’s competitive advantage in 5G.   ·       Next-generation ubiquitous ultra-high broadband infrastructure is being rapidly deployed, with 100% coverage of 10 Gbps in urban areas and 1 Gbps in rural areas of India.   ·       A unified management strategy will be necessary for smooth mobile networks to provide uniform standards, and coverage, dependability, and scalability must all be optimised.   ·       Conclusion:   ·       According to the World Economic Forum, there will be a stunning 9.1 billion mobile subscriptions by 2023. Digital India will be sparked by 5G, marking a turning point in the digital transformation. The fifth generation of cellular technology, or 5G, is about to arrive in India. It gives businesses a chance to access international markets, while consumers benefit from the economies of scale. Better service delivery, quicker access to services, and broader adoption of digital services can all be aided by it.   ·       Source  The Hindu                                                                                           2 – Swachh Survekshan 2023:    GS II   Topic  Government Policies and Interventions   ·       Context:  

CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS   01 OCTOBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       Taj Mahal Prelims & Mains 2.       Symphone Prelims & Mains 3.       Jaldoot App Prelims & Mains 4.       Green Economy Prelims & Mains     1 – Taj Mahal:   GS I   Topic  Indian Culture   ·       Context:   ·       Architectural wonders like the Taj Mahal’s complex latticework and embellishments are well known. The supreme court has regularly drawn attention to the Taj Mahal’s inadequate protection from various types of pollution.   ·       About:   ·       In honour of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, the Mughal emperor Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal, a structure made of white marble. Alongside the Yamuna River, it is located.   ·       It also serves as a great example of Mughal splendour and architecture at its height.   ·       Between 1631 and 1648 AD, a total of 17 years were needed to construct the Taj Mahal.   ·       The Taj Trapezium Zone condition and the increase in pollution:   ·       The national government created the Taj Trapezium Zone, a 10,400 sq km region surrounding the Taj, in the M.C. Mehta case (1996) to protect the monument from pollution (TTZ).   ·       Furthermore, it sent directions to the 292 firms operating in the zone on whether to switch to using natural gas as their industrial fuel or relocate.   ·       According to a National Environmental Engineering Research Institute assessment released in 2010, the iconic Taj Mahal is still in danger due to water and air pollution (NEERI). Despite several government efforts to reduce pollution in the TTZ area, this was still the case.   ·       Source  The Hindu         2 – Symphone:   GS I   Topic  Indian Culture:   ·       Context:   ·       The Ministry of Development of the North Eastern Region is sponsoring the online conference “SymphoNE” on September 27, World Tourist Day, with the aim of creating a strategy to advance the area’s tourism business and draw attention to the untapped beauty of North East India.   ·       The North East of India is referred to as a “Traveller’s Unexplored Paradise” for its unique combination of scenic beauty, varied civilizations, and a wealth of natural resources.   ·       About:   ·       2.74 million foreign tourists visited India in 2020, and 1.52 million did so in 2021, per government statistics (India Tourism Statistics 2022).   ·       In 2021, the United States, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, Canada, Nepal, Afghanistan, and Australia were the top 15 countries from which visitors travelled to India.   ·       In 2019, 10.93 million foreign visitors entered the country.   ·       Source  The Hindu   3 – Jaldoot App:   GS III   Topic  Environmental Conservation   ·       Context: The Ministry of Rural Development developed this app to let Gram Rojgar Sahayak measure the groundwater level of selected wells twice a year in selected communities.   ·       The data will be used to create groundwater augmentation projects for the Gram Panchayat Development Plan and the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (GPDP).   ·       Source  The Hindu   4 – Green Economy:   GS III   Topic  Environmental Conservation   ·       Context:   ·       A Green Economy Ecosystem will be built by the women of Kodalpali, Sinduria, and other villages in Odisha’s Nayagarh. These women call the forests home.   ·       With the help of Vasundhara, a non-profit organisation that focuses on tribal problems, they have over the years built a federation of village protection committees at the block and district levels. The executives meet each month to settle disagreements between villages and other issues. The majority of the executives are female.   ·       Other Details:   ·       The rules for using the forest, which prohibit grazing during the monsoon, felling green trees on Sundays, and gathering minor forest products like bamboo and kendu (or tendu leaves used to manufacture beedis) by anyone other than village members, must be followed by all locals.   ·       This enormous experiment has now advanced to a new phase. 24 communities will finally acquire communal forest rights in November 2021 after years of conflict. The Forest Rights Act of 2006 contains a provision that grants communities the only right to a section of publicly owned forestland that has historically been used for resource harvesting and protection.   ·       The first eco-village in the state was Muduligadia, a plain community in the Nayagarh district, which had already gained notoriety.   ·       Source  The Hindu       Kannada Daily current Affairs in Kannada pdf .. DOWNLOAD PDF More Materials coming soon.. Telugu Daily current Affairs in Telugu pdf .. DOWNLOAD PDF Marathi Daily current Affairs in Marathi pdf .. DOWNLOAD PDF Hindi Daily current Affairs in Hindi pdf .. DOWNLOAD PDF

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS   30 SEPTEMBER 2022 . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       About MGNREGA Prelims & Mains 2.       Details of Prevention of Money Laundering Act Prelims & Mains 3.       About Enforcement Directorate Prelims & Mains 4.       Details of mRNA Vaccines in India Prelims Specific Topic   1 – About MGNREGA:   GS II   Topic  Government Policies and Interventions   ·       Context:   ·       Following a drop recently, the demand for jobs under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MG-NREGS) has grown once more. According to an analysis of government data, in May of this year, 39 lakh more families nationwide utilised the rural job guarantee programme than in May of last year.   ·       MGNREGA:   ·       As a form of social intervention to safeguard “the right to work,” the programme was formed. The local government would be obligated to legally provide at least 100 days of paid employment in order to raise the standard of living for those who reside in rural India.   ·       Important objectives:   ·       There must be at least 100 days of paid rural employment created for each volunteer for unskilled labour. ·       actively ensuring social inclusion by improving the sources of income for disadvantaged rural residents. ·       creation of durable infrastructure, such as roads, canals, ponds, and wells, in rural areas. ·       Reduce the amount of migration from rural to urban areas. ·       Use rural labour that hasn’t been used for infrastructure construction.   ·       To be eligible for benefits under the MGNREGA programme, applicants must fulfil the requirements listed below:   ·       An applicant for NREGA benefits must be an Indian citizen and at least 18 years old. ·       The candidate must live nearby (i.e. application must be made with local Gram Panchayat). ·       The applicant must be prepared to work for manual labour duties.   ·       Important details:   ·       The Indian Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) is in charge of managing the complete implementation of this initiative in cooperation with state governments. ·       Individual beneficiary-oriented works may be submitted for consideration by members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, small- or marginal-farmers, people who have benefited from land reforms, or people who have benefited from the Indira Awaas Yojana of the Government of India. ·       Within 15 days after submitting the application, the applicant will be offered a wage employment, or on the first day that labour is needed. ·       If no job is found within fifteen days of submitting an application or from the date work is sought for, the applicant has the right to unemployment compensation. ·       Accountability and transparency are promoted by requiring social audits for MGNREGA programmes. ·       The Gram Sabha is the main venue for wage workers to voice their issues and request things. ·       The Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat, who also decide on the projects’ priority, approve the list of MGNREGA projects.   ·       Function of the Gram Sabha:   ·       During Gram Sabha meetings, it defines the order of significance for each work while taking into account the potential and resources of the neighbourhood. ·       Watch how the work being done in the GP is developing.   ·       The duties of a gram panchayat:   ·       application for registration acceptance ·       Verification of registration application ·       registering households ·       distributing Job Cards (JCs) ·       applications for jobs are received, and dated receipts are given for those applications. ·       within fifteen days of the application’s submission, or, in the case of an advance application, fifteen days after the date the work is needed. ·       Task planning, task identification, and task importance evaluation are all included in the building of a project shelf.   ·       Duties of the state government under MGNREGA:   ·       Create and promote the Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme for the State. One of the duties imposed on the State by Section 32 of the Act is this. ·       operationalize the State Employment Guarantee Council (SEGC). ·       Create a mission or agency at the state level to implement MGNREGA with sufficiently qualified personnel. ·       Create an MGNREGA social audit agency or directorate at the state level with a sufficient number of people who are knowledgeable about the program’s policies and have demonstrated a dedication to social audit. ·       It is necessary to create and manage a State Employment Guarantee Fund (SEGF).   Source  The Hindu   2 – Details of Prevention of Money Laundering Act:   GS III   Topic  Internal Security of India   ·       Context:   ·       A PMLA case involving alleged money laundering tied to the renovation of a chawl on the outskirts of Mumbai led to the Enforcement Directorate (ED) has been summoned recently.   ·       What Is Money Laundering?   ·       Making money earned through criminal activity, such as the financing of terrorism or the trafficking of illegal substances, appear to have come from a legitimate source is known as money laundering. The money from the crime appears “clean” thanks to the washing process.   ·       The main goals of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act are:   ·       It was put into place in response to India’s commitment to the Vienna Convention and other international efforts to tackle the issue of money laundering.   ·       With the intention of combatting money laundering (the conversion of illicit funds into legal ones) and enabling the seizure of assets earned through money-laundering, the PMLA was passed in 2002 and went into effect in 2005.   ·       The PMLA primarily has three goals:   ·       to prevent and control money laundering. ·       any assets obtained through money laundering shall be seized and forfeited. ·       to resolve any extra problems with money laundering in India.   ·       Resolution of disputes:   ·       The adjudicating authority is chosen by the federal government. It establishes if the property that has been seized or attached is being utilised for money laundering. ·       The Adjudicating Authority will be regulated by natural justice principles rather than being restricted by the procedure specified by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, and will be subject to the other provisions of the PMLA.   ·       Appellate Tribunal: An appellate tribunal that is constituted by the government is qualified to hear appeals against judgments rendered by the adjudicating body. The rulings of the tribunal may be appealed to the relevant High

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS    29 SEPTEMBER 2022  . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       Groundwater in India Prelims & Mains 2.       Dada Saheb Phalke Award Prelims & Mains 3.       Election Symbols Prelims & Mains 4.       Bharat Ratna Prelims & Mains   1 – Groundwater in India:   GS III   Topic  Environmental Conservation   ·       Context:   ·       The Union government on Tuesday launched a mobile application called Jaldoot to monitor the underground water levels across the nation in light of the rapidly declining water table that threatens to plunge many regions into drought. Jaldoot was jointly developed by the Union Ministry of Rural Development and the Panchayati Raj Ministry.   ·       About India’s Groundwater Extraction:   ·       According to the 2018 UNESCO World Water Development Report, India is the country that extracts the most groundwater globally.   ·       It is never quantified how much groundwater contributes to the GDP of a country.   ·       According to the CGWB, many areas of India are experiencing a growing groundwater shortage because to the 230 billion metre cubes of groundwater that are extracted each year for irrigating agricultural regions.   ·       In India, there has been an estimated loss of 122-199 billion metre cubes of groundwater.   ·       Why groundwater is being extracted:   ·       Groundwater was overextracted as a result of the Green Revolution, which allowed for the cultivation of water-intensive crops in areas that were prone to drought and water scarcity. ·       Rapid depletion results from routinely drawing groundwater without first waiting for its recharge. ·       Additionally, high MSPs (Minimum Support Prices) for crops that require a lot of water. ·       Industries Need: Water contamination, such as that caused by septic tanks, landfills, leaking underground gas tanks, and excessive fertiliser and pesticide use that harms and depletes groundwater supplies. ·       Inadequate Regulation: Without any consequences, inadequate regulation of groundwater fosters the depletion of its resources. ·       In India, there are no regulations governing the construction of irrigation wells, and no records of abandoned wells are kept. ·       In India, a large number of wells are built each day and even more are decommissioned as they become ineffective. ·       Federal Concern: Because water is a State matter, efforts on water management, such as water conservation and water harvesting, and providing enough drinkable water to inhabitants of the nation fall primarily under the purview of the States. ·       However, the Central Government takes significant actions, such as sponsoring numerous initiatives.   ·       The Central Government’s Measures to Prevent Groundwater Depletion:   ·       Jal Shakti Abhiyan: In order to enhance groundwater conditions of the water-stressed blocks of 256 districts in India, the Indian government started Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) in 2019. ·       Groundwater Artificial Recharge Master Plan for 2020: The Master Plan – 2020 was created by CGWB in collaboration with the state governments. ·       To collect 185 billion cubic metres of water, it calls for building around 1.42 billion rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge structures across the nation (BCM). ·       In order to encourage the use of rainwater collecting, the government has also started the Catch the Rain programme. ·       National Water Policy (2012): The policy promotes rainwater collection, water conservation, and emphasises the need to increase water availability by utilising rainfall directly. ·       It also encourages community involvement in scientifically planned projects for river, river bodies, and infrastructure preservation. ·       Atal Bhujal Yojana: In the areas that have been identified as being overexploited and experiencing a water shortage, the Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABHY) scheme—which is co-funded by World Bank funding—is being implemented. ·       Convergent Approach: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana – Watershed Development Component are the main programmes the Central Government uses to fund the building of water harvesting and conservation projects. ·       The CGWB has been involved with the Aquifer Mapping and Management Programme. ·       The program’s goal is to identify aquifer types and characterise them so that aquifer- and area-specific groundwater management plans may be created with community input. ·       Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT): The Mission’s development of fundamental urban infrastructure, including as water supply, sewerage & septage management, storm water drainage, green spaces & parks, and non-motorized urban transportation, is a priority in the AMRUT cities.   ·       Source  The Hindu           2 – Dada Saheb Phalke Award:   GS I   Topic  Indian Culture   ·       Context:   ·       Veteran Bollywood performer Asha Parekh will get the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2020, the Information and Broadcasting Ministry said on Tuesday. The prize will be handed on September 30, 2022, at the 68th National Film Award event, which will be presiding over by President Droupadi Murmu.   ·       It is given for “Outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema” and is the highest film honour in the nation. ·       The government initially presented the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1969, and Devika Rani, dubbed “the first lady of Indian cinema,” received it that year.   ·       About him:   ·       Raja Harischandra, India’s first feature film, was directed by Dadasaheb Phalke (1913). ·       He was an Indian screenwriter, producer, and director. ·       He’s referred to as the “Father of Indian Cinema.” ·       Dadasaheb Phalke Award was established by the Indian government in his honour for his lifelong contribution to Indian cinema.   ·       Source  The Hindu   3 – Election Symbols:   GS II   Topic  Election related issues   ·       Context:   ·       Both factions of the party, led by Uddhav Thackeray and Eknath Shinde, are currently preparing documentary evidence and letters of support from the greatest number of party workers, leaders, and elected representatives, which would be submitted to the poll panel to prove majority. The election commission will now decide who will control the Shiv Sena and hold the right to use its electoral symbol, a bow and arrow.       ·       How are political parties given their symbols?   ·       According to the rules, to receive a symbol:   ·       When submitting nomination papers, a party or candidate must list three symbols from the EC’s list of free symbols. ·       One of these is given to the party or candidate first on a first-come, first-served basis. ·       The Election Commission determines the emblem to

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS    28 SEPTEMBER 2022     . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       About the NAVIC Scheme Prelims & Mains 2.       Details of the New Foreign Trade Policy of India Prelims & Mains 3.       About the RTI Act Prelims & Mains 4.       Details of the Inflation Prelims & Mains   1 – About the NAVIC Scheme:   GS II   Topic  Government Policies and Interventions   ·       Context:   ·       India is pressuring tech giants to make smartphones compatible with its in-house navigation system within months, according to two industry sources and government documents seen by Reuters. This alarms businesses like Samsung, Xiaomi, and Apple who worry about increased costs and disruptions as the move necessitates hardware changes.   ·       Upcoming applications:   ·       disaster preparedness, fleet management, and vehicle tracking, particularly for the mining and transportation sectors, as well as mobile device compatibility; ·       geodetic data collecting and mapping; accurate time (as in power grids and ATMs).   ·       The NAVIC:   ·       The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as Navigation in Indian Constellation (NavIC), was developed by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). ·       The IRNSS consists of eight satellites, three of which are in geostationary orbit and five of which are in geosynchronous orbit. ·       Delivering precise position, navigation, and timing services over India and its surroundings is the main objective. ·       It runs over the Indian subcontinent within a 1,500 km radius and is comparable to the well-known and frequently used U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). ·       It has received certification from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a global organisation for coordinating mobile phone standards.   ·       Source  The Hindu   2 – Details of the New Foreign Trade Policy of India:   GS III   Topic  Indian Economy   ·       Context:   ·       The government on Monday decided to prolong the Foreign Trade Strategy 2015–20 by another six months, until March 2023, as opposed to replacing it by a new policy by September 30 as initially intended, citing requests from industry organisations.   ·       What Is the Meaning of a Foreign Trade Policy?   ·       The Government of India’s Foreign Trade Policy is made into a binding document by the Foreign Trade Development and Regulation Act of 1992. ·       Since the 1991 economic reforms, when it was reviewed and updated every five years, the FTP has served as the compass for all stakeholders. ·       The basic objective of international trade policy is to encourage trade by reducing transaction and transit costs and timeframes. ·       A FTP lays forth the regulations for foreign trade and reveals the government’s position on a variety of parallel but important policy issues, including, among others, technology flow and intangibles.   ·       Why is a New Foreign Trade Policy Required?   ·       India’s position and alignment with flagship programmes like the “Local for Global” and PLI (Production Linked Incentive) schemes, the WTO’s decision to reject India’s export incentive programmes, a long overdue review of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) scheme, shifting geographic profiles of India’s export basket, and FTA implications must all be made clear. ·       A WTO dispute panel had determined in 2019 that the export incentives offered under the FTP violated India’s WTO agreement. ·       Impact on export-focused businesses: Some ad hoc, disjointed, and inconsistent revisions to the 2015 FTP have had a negative effect on some export-oriented enterprises. This is yet another argument in favour of changing the FTP. ·       The 2015 FTP promoted exports by directly issuing duty-credit coupons in proportion to exports. The maximum export incentives were nevertheless limited by the government to Rs. 20 million for goods in 2020 and Rs. 20 million for services in 2021. ·       The changes to service incentives were also retroactively announced in September 2021, with an April 2019 implementation date. ·       Reduced Spending and Incentives: The annual export incentives known as the Merchandise Exports from India Scheme (MEIS) and Services Exports from India Scheme (SEIS), both of which were valued Rs. 51,012 crore, were replaced by the RoDTEP plan incentive, which was worth Rs. 12,454 crore. ·       The remaining Rs. 38,558 crore was put into PLI to help a select few sectors. ·       Infrastructure hiccups: The typical turnaround time for ships in India is roughly three days, while the global average is 24 hours. This is because India’s export infrastructure, including ports, warehouses, and supply chains, has not been effectively improved. Tractor export incentives, which were previously offered at 3%, are now only offered at 0.7%. ·       MSMEs are in trouble since they are crucial to achieving the difficult export targets and account for about 29% of the GDP and 40% of global trade. The surge in input and gasoline prices, however, is having a detrimental impact on the bottom lines of MSMEs. ·       Due to the rising costs of raw materials like plastics and steel, as well as a shortage of shipping containers and labour, MSMEs are having difficulty taking full advantage of the global boom in demand.   ·       What changes to the New FTP might be made?   ·       Resolving the Crisis of MSMEs Under the SEIS, incentives ranging from 3–7% of net foreign exchange receipts are provided to Indian service exporters of specified services. ·       Faster GST refunds to international services and a modification to the minimum cap on the amount of net foreign exchange earnings that can be claimed under the scheme are both crucial with the new FTP. ·       The government must also encourage MSMEs in using the export potential in current tariff lines if it hopes to increase the proportion of exporting MSMEs and increase MSME exports by 50% in 2022–2023. ·       Additional Exporter Rewards: The new FTP might be helpful for exporters if the incentives provided to retail and wholesale merchants under the scope of the MSME category are extended to them as well. ·       The new FTP must enable exporters to utilise technology in the context of global trade. This will enable MSMEs to compete on an international scale. ·       Infrastructure Improvement: With the help of a strong and extensive infrastructure network, including warehouses, ports, special economic zones (SEZs), quality testing labs, certification centres, etc., exporters will remain competitive in a cutthroat market. ·       India needs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS    27 SEPTEMBER 2022    . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       About the General Data Protection Regulation of European Union Prelims & Mains 2.       Details of the Asian Development Bank Prelims & Mains 3.       About the Soft Power of India Prelims & Mains 4.       Details of the Electric Power Sector of India Prelims & Mains   1 – About the General Data Protection Regulation of European Union:   GS II   Topic  International Relations   ·       Context:   ·       The world’s democracies will eventually need to harmonise their Internet legislation, according to Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Minister of State for Electronics and IT, who emphasised that the Internet has no physical borders. He talked about upcoming rules for the digital economy, why India might not embrace the same data protection requirements as Europe, the issue of bots, and the algorithmic accountability of social media companies in an interview with Soumyarendra Barik. Verified passages:   ·       What is the goal of the General Data Protection Regulation?   ·       The GDPR changes the way we view the relationship between an individual and their personal data.   ·       When it comes to identifying a living human, names, email addresses, ID card numbers, physical addresses, and IP addresses are all taken into consideration.   ·       The person has many rights under this law while dealing with:   ·       Government or private news websites are two instances of data controllers, who determine why and how data is collected.   ·       Data processors, like an Indian IT firm that obtained data analytics outsourcing from an EU firm, handle data on behalf of controllers.   ·       What function does this law fulfil?   ·       The GDPR will require a data controller to provide authorization terms that are simple to understand.   ·       Under the GDPR, data collectors are required to identify the “who” and “how” of their operations.   ·       People may also be entitled to have their personal data deleted in certain situations.   ·       The reporting requirements and enforcement are strengthened under the GDPR.   ·       Data breaches must now be reported within 72 hours or risk fines of up to 4% of the company’s annual global revenue, or a maximum fine of 20 million Euros, for breaking the new law.   ·       What consequences might India expect?   ·       Since the GDPR is applicable to those outside the EU who either observe how EU citizens behave or market to them, it has an impact on everyone in the globe.   ·       The European Union is India’s largest trading partner, with bilateral trade in services alone totaling more than €28 billion (Rs.2.2 lakh crore).   ·       As a result, it will have a big impact on Indian service providers and IT businesses doing business in the EU.   ·       However, only one-third of Indian IT firms are implementing the GDPR, and a further one-third are unaware of it.   ·       Penalties, lost income, missed chances, and political squabbling are likely to follow in trade talks between India and the EU.   ·       Source  The Indian Express   2 – Details of the Asian Development Bank: :   GS II   Topic  International Relations   ·       Context:   ·       The Asian Development Bank (ADB) decreased India’s predicted economic growth for 2022–2023 from 7.2% to 7.3%, citing higher than expected inflation and monetary tightening.   ·       About:   ·       It serves as a bank for local growth. ·       on December 19, 1966, created. ·       Philippines’ Manila is the location of the main office. ·       official United Nations Observer. ·       Who may participate in it?   ·       Both members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and non-regional developed countries are accepted by the bank (UNESCAP, originally the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE).   ·       49 of the ADB’s 68 active members hail from Asia.   ·       Election rights:   ·       It closely resembles the World Bank and employs a weighted voting method, wherein votes are distributed in accordance with members’ capital contributions, similar to those of that organisation. ·       As of the end of 2019, the top five shareholders of ADB were the People’s Republic of China (6.4%), India (6.3%), Australia (5.8%), Japan (15.6% of all shares), and the United States (15.6% of all shares).   ·       Responsibilities:   ·       committed to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific through interregional cooperation, environmentally sound economic development, and fair distribution of wealth. ·       Investments in infrastructure, healthcare services, financial systems, and public administration systems are made to achieve this. Among other things, these investments assist nations in better managing their natural resources or preparing for the effects of climate change.   ·       Source  The Indian Express   3 – About the Soft Power of India   GS II   Topic  International Relations   ·       Context:   ·       According to American political scientist Joseph Nye Jr. in the late 1980s, military hard power exhibits “soft power,” which is a “power of attraction through culture, political ideas, and policies rather than coercion.” Since winning these contests is thought to improve a nation’s chances of attaining soft power, this is now being reflected in a rise in interest in top sports, especially among smaller nations worldwide.   ·       Performance of Soft Power Required:   ·       Building goodwill requires outstanding project delivery, but Indian attitudes and practises have helped the nation earn a generous reputation and immense goodwill internationally. ·       As a Strategic Investment: If India wants to become a significant strategic investor in infrastructure projects that are both financially and economically viable, it must uphold its obligations. ·       after-pandemic changes With increased collaboration and the understanding that global concerns necessitate global efforts, India’s position as the world’s pharmacy has gained significance. ·       Trade and investment flow: If India wants to gain a reputation as a dependable and trustworthy partner, it must persuade other countries to believe in its ability to deliver. This will result in increased trade and investment into the developing Indian markets.   ·       India’s Delivery Framework:   ·       A five-modality development compact with a comprehensive framework has emerged from India’s development cooperation. ·         ·       India focuses on local training, expert delegations to partner countries, and project site equipment as its three main areas of capacity building. India has

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS     26 SEPTEMBER 2022   . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       About the United Nations Prelims & Mains 2.       Details of the Kaziranga National Park Prelims & Mains 3.       About the NATO Prelims & Mains 4.       Details of the Operation Megha Chakra Prelims & Mains   1 – About the United Nations:  GS II  Topic  International Relations  ·       About: ·       In 1945, the United Nations (UN), a global organisation, was founded. It now has 193 member countries. ·       In order to fulfil its mission and carry out the objectives and tenets outlined in its founding Charter, it has numerous organs and specialised agencies. ·       Its obligations include defending human rights, upholding international law, maintaining world peace and security, and offering humanitarian aid. It also promotes sustainable development.  ·       What is the history of the UN?  ·       The Hague hosted the International Peace Conference in 1899 to create plans for peacefully settling disputes, preventing war, and codifying war rules. ·       It also adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, whose operations began in 1902. This court served as the forerunner to the International Court of Justice of the UN. ·       The organisation that came before the United Nations was the League of Nations, which was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles “to encourage international cooperation and to attain peace and security.” It was created in the setting of World War One. ·       The International Labor Organization (ILO) was founded in 1919 as a League subsidiary organisation according to the Treaty of Versailles. ·       The name “United Nations” was created by American President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A declaration known as The Declaration of the United Nations, which banned them from negotiating their own peace terms, was signed by 26 nations in 1942 as an agreement to continue fighting with one another against the Axis Powers (the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis).  ·       At a convention held in San Francisco, California, in the United States, representatives from 50 different countries signed the United Nations Charter. ·       The UN Charter of 1945 is the foundational text for the United Nations as an international organisation.   ·       Source  The Hindu    2 – Details of the Kaziranga National Park:   GS III   Topic  Environmental Conservation   ·       It has a 42,996 Hectare area and is located in the State of Assam (ha). In the floodplain of the Brahmaputra Valley, it is the area that is the most typical and unchanged. ·       In 1974, a national park designation was given to it. ·       It has been designated a tiger reserve as of 2007. The tiger reserve is 1,030 sq. km in size overall, with a core area of 430 sq. km. ·       Rank on the global stage: It was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. ·       It is recognised as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. ·       Important Species Discovered: ·       There are the majority of one-horned rhinos in the world. When it comes to one-horned rhinos in Assam, Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary has more than Kaziranga National Park combined. ·       The “big four” species—the rhinoceros, elephants, royal Bengal tigers, and Asiatic water buffalo—are the main focus of Kaziranga’s conservation efforts. ·       In the 2018 census, 2,413 rhinos and between 1,100 and 1,100 elephants were counted. ·       In India, Kaziranga National Park has the third-highest tiger population, behind Jim Corbett National Park (215 in Uttarakhand) and Bandipur National Park, with an estimated 103 tigers as of 2014. (120 in Karnataka). ·       Kaziranga is home to nine of the 14 species of primates that can be found on the Indian subcontinent. ·       Highways and Rivers: National Highway 37 runs across the area around the park. ·       There are more than 250 seasonal water bodies in the park in addition to the Diphlu River.   ·       Source  The Hindu    3 – About the NATO:   GS II   Topic  International Relations   ·       About:   ·       The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1949 as a military alliance to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. It was sometimes referred to as the Washington Treaty and was signed by the United States, Canada, and other Western European nations. ·       There are now 30 member states. ·       The original members of the group were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ·       Greece and Turkey joined the original signatories in 1952, followed by West Germany in 1955 (renamed Germany in 1990), Spain in 1982, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland in 1999, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in 2004, Albania and Croatia in 2009, Montenegro in 2017 and North Macedonia in 1999. (2020). ·       France remained a NATO member but vacated its position in the organization’s integrated military command in 1966. 2009 saw its comeback. ·       Recently, interest in joining NATO has been shown by Finland and Sweden. ·       Brussels, Belgium, is the headquarters. ·       The Allied Command Operations headquarters are in Mons, Belgium.   ·       What objectives does NATO intend to fulfil?   ·       Protecting each member state’s freedom and security through political and military action is NATO’s primary and ongoing objective. ·       Political objectives: NATO promotes democratic principles and offers members the chance to engage and cooperate on defence and security-related issues in order to resolve disagreements, build trust, and, in the long term, prevent conflict. ·       Military Objectives: NATO is committed to finding peaceful solutions to conflicts. If diplomatic attempts fail, it has the military power to carry out crisis-management operations. ·       According to a United Nations mandate or the collective defence clause of the Washington Treaty, Article 5, which served as the foundational agreement for NATO, these are carried out independently or in cooperation with other nations and international organisations. ·       Only once, on September 12, 2001, in reaction to the 9/11 attacks on the US World Trade Center, did NATO ever use Article 5.   ·       How is NATO set up?   ·       Although NATO has an integrated military command structure, the organisation only fully owns a small portion of its forces and resources. ·       The majority of forces continue to be under total national command and

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYSIS     24 SEPTEMBER 2022     . No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.       UNSC Prelims & Mains 2.       G 4 Prelims & Mains 3.       QUAD Prelims & Mains 4.       Child Marriage in India Prelims & Mains   1 – UNSC:  GS II  Topic  International Relations   ·       Context:  ·       On September 22, a number of ministers, chiefs of state, and representatives in the UN Security Council voiced their alarm over the ongoing crisis in Ukraine. S. Jaishankar, the minister of external affairs, was one of them. ·       About:  ·       In 1945, the UN Charter created the Security Council. It is one of the United Nations’ six main bodies. ·       The General Assembly (UNGA), the Trusteeship Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat make up the remaining 5 institutions of the UN.  ·       Its major duty is to contribute to the preservation of world peace and security.  ·       The council has its main office in New York. ·       Members:   ·       Ten non-permanent members chosen for two-year terms and five permanent members make up the council’s fifteen members.   ·       The United States, the Russian Federation, France, China, and the United Kingdom are the five permanent members. ·       India joined the UNSC as a non-permanent member last year (2021), becoming a member for the eighth time. It will serve on the council from 2021 to 2022.   ·       Out of a total of 10 non-permanent members, the General Assembly elects five of them each year for terms of two years. The 10 non-permanent seats are allocated according to regions.   ·       The 15 council members alternate holding the position of president each month.   ·       Voting authority:   ·       Each Security Council member gets one vote. The Security Council makes decisions by a majority vote of nine members, including the permanent members who concur in the decision. The resolution cannot be passed if one of the five permanent members votes “no.”   ·       Any UN member who is not a member of the Security Council is permitted to take part in discussions without having a vote whenever the Security Council determines that the member’s interests are particularly impacted.   ·       India and UNSC:   ·       India actively participated in the 1947–1948 drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and spoke out vehemently against racism in South Africa.   ·       India has contributed to the formulation of policies on a number of matters, including the admission of former colonies to the UN, resolving lethal conflicts in the Middle East, and preserving peace in Africa.   ·       It has made significant contributions to the UN, particularly for the upkeep of world peace and security.   ·       India has participated in 43 peacekeeping missions, contributing more than 160,000 troops and many police officers in all.   ·       India’s demand for a permanent seat in the UNSC is entirely sensible given its population, territory, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), economic potential, civilisational legacy, cultural variety, political system, and historical and current contributions to UN activities.   ·       Problems with UNSC:   ·       Lack of Meeting Minutes and Records:   ·       The UNSC does not operate under standard UN procedures, and none of its meetings are recorded.   ·       Furthermore, there isn’t a “text” of the meeting for debate, amendment, or objection.         ·       Power struggle in UNSC:   ·       It is antiquated in this day and age for the five permanent members of the UNSC to have veto power.   ·       In its current form, the UNSC has become a barrier to comprehending the global dynamics and developments in the field of human security and peace.   ·       Conflicts Among the P5:   ·       Decisions are either not made or are made with little consideration due to the extreme polarisation among UN members.   ·       The UNSC P-5 frequently splits, which prevents it from making important decisions.   ·       As an illustration, when the coronavirus epidemic emerged, the UN, UNSC, and World Health Organization were unable to effectively assist governments in controlling the spread.   ·       An Organization with Underrepresentation:   ·       It is troubling that the UNSC is devoid of the four most significant nations in the world: South Africa, Germany, Brazil, and India.   ·       Way ahead:   ·       There is an urgent need to address the disparities in power between the P5 and the rest of the world.   ·       In order for the UN body to properly address the “ever-complex and growing problems” to maintaining global peace and security, the Security Council must also be reformed by adding more permanent and non-permanent seats.   ·       India, one of the UNSC’s existing non-permanent members, can begin by formulating a resolution that includes a thorough list of recommendations for revamping the body.   ·       It can also approach other nations with similar views (such as the G4: India, Germany, Japan, and Brazil) and expand its network of allies until a sufficient number of nations come together to address the entire UNGA and propose the resolution with a reasonable possibility of passing.   ·       Source  The Hindu    2 – G 4:  GS II  Topic  International Relations   ·       Context:   ·       External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar recently visited the UN with the goal of reforming it. On Thursday, after the BRICS meeting, he met with his counterparts from Germany, Brazil, and Japan under the auspices of The Group of Four (G4). The group’s main goals include, but are not limited to, permanent membership for G4 nations in the UNSC and UNSC reform. They reaffirmed their commitment to advancing reform on Thursday and voiced disappointment at the lack of development in this area.   ·       About:   ·       Members: Japan, Brazil, Germany, Brazil, and India ·       The members of the United Nations Security Council, which was established in 2004, support each other’s candidacy for permanent seats. ·       Since the UN’s founding, each of these four nations has been one of the council’s chosen non-permanent members. ·       Their economic and political clout has increased dramatically during the past few decades, approaching that of the permanent members (P5) ·       G4 campaigns for United Nations reforms, particularly increased representation of poor nations in both permanent and non-permanent UNSC positions. ·       With no issues with the veto

  No. Topic Name Prelims/Mains 1.        WHO Prelims & Mains 2.        Election Commission of India Prelims & Mains 3.        CUET Prelims Specific Topic 4.        F 16 Aircraft Prelims Specific Topic   1 – WHO: GS II Topic àHealth Related Issues   ·         Context:   ·         The Lancet Commission on lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, which was published in the journal on September 14, criticised the World Health Organization (WHO) for responding “too carefully and too slowly” on a number of critical concerns. The commission also offered some suggestions for future programmes. ·         The UN’s branch for health, the World Health Organization (WHO), was founded in 1948. ·         The company’s main office is in Geneva, Switzerland. ·         There are 150 country offices, 194 Member States, and six regional offices. ·         Through the Ministries of Health, an intergovernmental organisation, it works with its member countries. ·         The WHO is the leader in matters of global health, setting standards and guidelines, presenting evidence-based policy alternatives, providing developing countries with technical assistance, and monitoring and analysing health trends. ·         The day it began operations, April 7, 1948, is now celebrated annually as World Health Day.   ·         What objectives exist?   ·         acting as the organisation in charge of directing and coordinating operations in international health ·         establishing and upholding productive alliances with the UN, specialised organisations, governmental health administrations, professional associations, and any other organisations deemed necessary. ·         upon request, to assist governments in improving healthcare. ·         to promote cooperation between professional and academic organisations for the improvement of health.     ·         How exactly is it run?   ·         Representatives from each of the member states of WHO attend the World Health Assembly (WHA), which serves as the organization’s governing body. ·         Each year, it is held at the WHO’s headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. ·         The comprehensive health agenda for the Executive Board remains the main focus of this meeting. ·         The first actual assembly since the Covid-19 outbreak started will take place in 2022. ·         In May 2022, the World Health Organization served as the venue for the 75th World Health Assembly. (WHO).   ·         Functions:   ·         The Health Assembly determines the rules for the Organization. ·         It reviews and approves the budget in addition to managing the Organization’s financial operations. ·         It makes reports to the Economic and Social Council in line with any agreements made between the Organization and the UN.   ·         The Secretariat is comprised of the Director-General and any additional technical and administrative staff members that the Organization may require. ·         The Health Assembly appoints the Director-General following the Board’s nomination, and it does so on the terms that it deems acceptable.   ·         Membership and Associate Membership:   ·         It is possible for Organization members to also be UN members. ·         Territories or groupings of territories that are not in responsible of overseeing their international relations may be invited to join as Associate Members by the Health Assembly.   ·         What positive effects has the WHO had on the world?   ·         The main points of contact between the WHO and governments are its country offices. ·         They exchange pertinent international standards and recommendations, transmit government requests and requirements to other levels of WHO, and provide technical help on health-related matters. ·         Additionally, they follow up with the host government after receiving information about disease epidemics abroad. ·         Regarding issues of public health, they advise and oversee regional offices of other UN organisations. ·         Along with governments, the WHO coordinates with funders, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the private sector, and other UN agencies. ·         The WHO’s efforts in global health assist all countries, even the most developed ones. ·         For instance, every country has benefited from its contributions to the WHO programmes that supported the promotion of more inexpensive and effective tuberculosis control and the global eradication of smallpox. ·         All kids who need immunizations, which guard against the six major childhood infectious diseases of diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and whooping cough, should have access to them, the group contends.   ·         The World Health Organization is in charge of a global campaign to provide all children with effective immunizations in cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).   ·         During the first ten years, the WHO focused a lot of attention on a number of infectious diseases that impacted millions of people in developing countries (1948–1958).   ·         These included yaws, malaria, venereal diseases, and TB.   ·         Services for maternal and child health, environmental cleanliness (especially safe water), medical standards, and immunisation requirements all received a lot of focus.   ·         During this time, the WHO and other UN agencies developed strong working relationships.   ·         A number of former colonies in Africa that achieved national liberation and joined the Organization as voting members had a considerable influence on the era (1958 to 1968).   ·         A severe situation developed in 1960 after practically all foreign physicians fled the newly founded Democratic Republic of the Congo.   ·         In partnership with the international Red Cross, WHO hired 200 physicians and other healthcare workers and introduced a brand-new fellowship programme to assist many Congolese “medical assistants” in becoming fully qualified physicians.   ·         During this time, fellowships for the development of health professionals became a major WHO policy in almost all countries.   ·         Source à The Hindu   2 – Election Commission of India:   GS II   Topic àConstitutional and Non-Constitutional Bodies   ·         Context:   ·         The Election Commission of India (ECI), which disapproves of the idea of a “permanent president” for a party, is enraged by the Yuvajana Shramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP), which rules Andhra Pradesh. The party purportedly elected Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy to be its president for life in July 2022. The ECI views this action as inherently anti-democratic. In response to the prior letters from the ECI, the YSRCP said that it would conduct a “internal inquiry.”