◇ The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 gave a constitutional status andprotection to co-operative societies. ◇ In this context, it made the following three changes in the constitution: • It made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right (Article191). • It included a new Directive Principle of State Policy on promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43 B2). • It added a new Part IX-B in the onstitution which is entitled “The Co-operative Societies